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英国“脱欧”派支持率逆转领先 欧美股汇市掀巨浪

2016-06-13 09:40:15   

《卫报》称,自加入欧洲一体化进程以来英国一直显得三心二意,“脱欧”话题隔三差五就会被炒热,但选择的侧重点则花样翻新,上世纪70年代是担心经济利益受损,上世纪90年代是担心“主权丧失”,而最近10年则成了对东欧、移民和边界管制的担心等。报道称,倘卡梅伦继续强调脱欧的经济风险就可能事与愿违。

“如果将历史的镜头拉长一些,我们就不会对英国这个新民调的结果感到意外。”中国社科院欧洲研究所经济室主任陈新12日接受《环球时报》记者采访时表示,英国其实一直游离于欧洲大陆和大西洋之间,英国加入欧盟的过程漫长而历经曲折,此后每到关键时候也都会犹豫、动摇。

陈新说,目前欧盟国家中疑欧主义情绪正在上升,如果英国成为决堤口,“脱欧”洪水很可能进一步泛滥。其原因在于,欧洲一体化本质上是由精英主导的政治路径,精英层利用不断推动的一体化进程发展经济,获得民众支持,然后获取进一步推动一体化的空间。但现在全球化的发展对欧洲的一体化构成巨大挑战,金融危机之后欧洲经济增长乏力,民众对一体化的支持下降,民粹主义力量上升,与此同时,欧洲国家的领导人又缺乏老一代领导人的魄力,对民粹主义妥协。“诉诸公投其实是一种推卸责任的态度,也就是‘让你们来说怎么办’,而政治家是需要担当的。”

英国退欧影响几何

“英国退欧将会对欧盟的全球角色带来‘灾难性’的影响吗?”法新社12日称,英国退欧公投的时机再糟糕不过了,因为欧盟正疲于应会二战以来最大的难民危机,欧洲大陆面临着越来越严重的恐怖威胁。报道引述法国国际关系研究所分析家维维安的话称,“如果英国退出欧盟,像美国、中国和印度这些大国将认为这是欧盟在政治上和地缘政治上被削弱。”马歇尔基金会的美国学者巴尔福尔称,“作为欧洲一个主要的安全和军事提供者,英国退出欧盟很可能对欧盟的共同安全和防御政策带来灾难性的影响。”

英国《经济学人》称,欧洲大陆已经摇摇欲坠,英国离去将带来更沉重打击。英国是全球第五大经济体、第五大军费开支国。英国离去只会削弱欧盟,使其变得更穷、更不安全、更不团结。西方向来依赖欧洲与美洲之间的力量均衡,英国脱欧将打破这种均衡,削弱西方整体力量。

不过,并不是所有人都担忧。《爱尔兰时报》称,巴黎正铺下红地毯欢迎伦敦的银行家。巴黎6月8日举行了一场吸引伦敦银行家们的午餐会。巴黎欧洲金融市场协会主席称,他并不希望看到英国脱离欧盟,但如果不幸成真的话,巴黎会欢迎任何一位受到脱欧影响的英国银行家。

法新社10日称,如果英国在公投中真的脱欧,将导致大量资金涌入传统的资金避难地瑞士。对于这种可能性,瑞士驻欧盟首席谈判代表德瓦特维尔称,“欧洲安好对瑞士有利”,但他同时补充说,“6月24日地球将继续转动”。

虽然美国总统奥巴马此前访英时曾呼吁英国不要脱欧,但美国《赫芬顿邮报》德语版11日以“亲爱的英国人,请离开欧盟!”为题称,欧盟对英国来说,本来就是一个错误。“欧洲合众国”是幻想家的产物。在欧洲,瑞士从未有兴趣加入欧盟,但经济政治照样稳定。报道称,伦敦与纽约的关系比与柏林的关系更加紧密。英国与欧洲大陆文化不同,它的精神更像纽约。

陈新说,中国希望英国留在欧盟,因为世界金融形势不稳不利于世界经济复苏。但他说,具体从贸易方面来说,英国脱欧不会对中国产生太大影响。目前欧盟采取的是统一的贸易政策,由布鲁塞尔来决定,各国不能单独与中国进行FTA谈判。英国“脱欧”后就可以与中国以双边方式谈FTA。至于外交方面,陈新认为,当下无论是中英关系还是中欧关系,已经到达了一个新的高度,不会有太大负面影响。

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