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借莫迪“印度制造”东风:印度财阀纷纷涉足军工

2016-04-13 09:26:46   参考消息

资料图:印度双航母编队

原标题:借莫迪“印度制造”东风!印度财阀纷纷涉足军工

【参考消息网4月12日报道】 外媒称,印度大财阀纷纷涉足军工市场。塔塔集团和信实集团等计划与海外军工巨头联合,在国内生产军用直升机机身和导弹。旨在培育制造业和提升军事实力的印度政府通过放松管制从背后进行支持。军工产业能否成为该国谋求的“印度制造”的先锋呢?

据《日本经济新闻》4月9日报道称,印度政府在3月31日前主办了防务展览会,参展企业超过了1000家,比2014年的展会增加了60%。其中,印度有超过500家的民间企业参展,比上次增加一倍。印度信实集团在展会上宣布,将与以色列大型军工企业设立合资公司,生产导弹等军工产品。双方预计将建设3000人规模的工厂,初期投资达130亿卢比(66卢比约合1美元)。

政府在这次展览会上公布了优先购买本国开发和生产军事装备的新方针。印度工业工程巨头L&T公司将研究与外资设立合资公司,使军工领域订单在3年后达到超过2016财年金额两倍的70亿美元。

印度最大财阀塔塔集团旗下的企业也将与美国波音公司设立合资公司,制造军用直升机机身。

印度莫迪政府提出“印度制造”口号,并且在主要制造业中首先大幅放松军工领域管制,不仅积极向民间企业发放生产许可,而且在2014年8月将外资在该领域的投资上限从26%上调至49%。

印度国有企业控制着90%的军工装备品生产,但印度国际关系研究委员会研究员萨米尔·帕蒂尔称“印度缺乏开发包含新技术武器的能力”。

因此,印度购买的武器中有60%依赖进口,这也成为该国长期财政赤字的一个原因。为了改变这种现状,印度政府试图让资金实力雄厚的民间企业来吸收海外军工巨头的技术,发展军工产业。面对中国海军在印度洋扩大活动范围,印度希望强化军事实力。

海外企业将印度视为有潜力的市场。印度军费排名世界第七,并且在持续增加,2016财年预计达到约2.5万亿卢比,是2008财年的两倍。俄罗斯武器出口公司高管乐观地称,“不仅瞄准印度市场,还在考虑从印度出口武器”。

不过,尽管印度将外资出资上限提高至49%,外国军工企业仍希望其进一步放松管制。对于海外企业来说,要想深度参与印度市场,必须有防范核心技术泄露和扩散的机制。但另一方面,由于军工产业政策与安全战略直接相关,政府也不好轻易地放松管制。

印度政府出台了一项特别措施,允许带来最新技术的外资企业100%出资,但尚没有实际案例。在扩大市场的过程中,印度政府和企业可能将与海外企业展开激烈的讨价还价。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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