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美批中国搞“强权即公理”实质:规则必须美国定

2016-03-28 11:07:24   

在对待中国主权和领土问题上,美国同样采取了利益原则而非将规则奉若圭臬。当美国需要中国牵制日本帝国主义扩张时,它就同中国进行战略合作,并支持我国收复被日本占领的台湾等国土。当远东的冷战变成了热战,美国又会宣布“台湾地位未定”。当美国需要中国牵制苏联扩张时,它就将外交承认逐步从台北转向北京。但即便如此,它仍同日本私相授受,在钓鱼岛归属问题上损害中国主权。

美国应该做的三件事

可以看出,一方面强调遵守规则,另一方面又依仗强权任性而为的美国,对于规则更多地采取了选择性的做法:选择性制定,选择性回避,选择性接受,选择性退出,选择性地将国内法置于国际法之上,还美其名曰“依法办事”。美国的一切选择性,都是旨在服务美国利益。

如是观之,美国确实提出了“国际关系必须建立在基于规则的基础之上”。但细究一下,美方讲的无非是他国必须遵守国际法,而美国只需遵守国内法,至多选择性地遵守国际法。美国并非将国际法奉若神明,其真正奉行的乃是利己与实用主义。

倘若美国真把国际法视作上帝,就应做以下事情:

第一,按照《联合国宪章》而非美国的“与台湾关系法”,停止对台售武,并为美国过去长期侵犯中国内政而对中国造成的损失给予赔偿;第二,按照《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》要求,全面归还日本昔日侵略所得,包括向中国归还钓鱼列岛;第三,美国应为发动对伊拉克的侵略向伊拉克道歉、赔偿。美国如果愿意践行国际规则,它就应该按照《罗马国际刑事法院规约》,以危害人类罪将发动这场战争的时任国家领导人送上国际法庭。

美国强调国际规则,这本身并无不当。问题是美国不愿总是遵循国际规则。美国指出应该由它制定国际规则,但事实是它经常破坏或规避自己制定的规则,这种强权与霸权的行为显露无遗。尽管如此,世界仍然需要规则。世界依然欢迎美国在新的规则制定中发挥积极作用,但美国应明白制定规则并非其特权,任何国家都有权利参与制定规则。

世界需要具有公正性、平等性和永续性的规则。任何规则必须公平公正,任何国家在一切规则面前都将平等,任何规则都应有益于人类社会和生态环境可持续发展。中国愿意为合作制定并共同遵守这样的规则而努力,我们也欢迎包括美国在内的所有国家与中国共同努力,将国际社会真正打造成基于规则的世界。▲(作者是复旦大学国际问题研究院副院长)

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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