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日本下一代战机F-3研究获进展

2016-01-28 09:07:12   中国新闻网

TRDI表示,发动机核心机的另外两大单元体——压气机和燃烧室的试验已经取得了很好的结果,但并没有公布过多细节。根据至少三年前公布的计划,该发动机验证机的推力将达到15吨,采用长细比较大的外廓形状,从而降低阻力。

据悉,每架F-3战斗机将装备两台该型发动机,其结构与美国F-22使用的F119发动机类似,采用双轴对转形式,包括3级风扇、6级高压压气机、1级高压和1级低压涡轮。除非在试验中出现重大问题,目前来看,发动机的主要构型已经基本确定,TRDI也一直在使用2011年首次公布的发动机图样。

根据更新的进展情况,TRDI证实发动机高压涡轮进口燃气温度将达到1800℃(3300F),这也是项目早期提到的指标之一。到目前为止,开展的研究显示,发动机涡轮罩环可能采用了陶瓷基复合材料(CMC),为碳化硅增强的陶瓷基体,耐温能力优于金属材料。涡轮导向叶片和工作叶片将采用镍基单晶合金,涡轮盘材料为自主研发的TMW-24镍钴合金。日本技术人员在5年前曾希望用CMC材料制造导向叶片,而更具挑战的工作叶片将采用金属材料。日本研究人员建议涡轮转子的TMW-24盘可以通过传统的铸造-锻造工艺制造,而不是过去二三十年间常用的粉末冶金工艺。

日本研究人员估计,TMW-24材料的涡轮盘在630兆帕的离心力下,寿命可以达到1000小时。在此条件下,TMW-24盘耐温可以达到710C,接近十年前粉末冶金技术的730C水平,超过1970年代中期以来最好的铸造-锻造技术的690C,不过,这方面的实际性能尚未得到确认。

F-3武器舱的研究始于2010年,2013年开始测试,将揭示武器在哪些超声速气流速度和角度组合下可以从舱内分离。下一步将是设计一套释放结构。

日本工程师对从亚声速飞机机舱内投放武器已经很熟悉了,例如川崎重工的P-1海上巡逻机。至于超声速下武器舱投放研究,则是通过计算力学和风洞试验来进行的,能够模拟武器舱门打开状态下的飞机下表面,风洞的速度范围为马赫数0.3-2.5。根据一份2012年的报告,风洞释放试验的速度为马赫数1.4,是空空导弹发射时可能的速度。到报告发表时,已经对11种不同的凹腔形状进行了研究。(晏武英)

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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