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俄制裁土耳其:用中国货替代

2015-12-04 14:53:52   环球网

土方软化为哪般?

过去一周来,土方的态度正由硬变软。土总统埃尔多安最初坚称是在俄战机侵犯了土领空后将其击落的。随后,其态度开始软化,想在气候变化巴黎大会上与普京“谈谈”。普京拒绝,并提出“谈谈”的前提是土“先道歉”。对于俄方制裁,土回应称不会被其左右。不过,埃尔多安和总理达武特奥卢先后表示“希望缓解与俄方关系”。

土态度软化,最主要是因为美国、北约不再为其撑腰。俄专家普遍认为,土没有胆量、也不会贸然做出攻击俄战机的愚蠢决定,肯定是美国在为其撑腰。俄地缘政治问题学院院长依瓦绍夫表示,土方行为是中情局参与的一场政治预谋,其真正动机是让中东地区出现战乱。对此,俄谴责土资助“伊斯兰国”,指责土总统家人与“伊斯兰国”有腐败交易,并以受害者的形象婉转地把北约和美国“定位”为凶手背后的“指使者”,从而占领道德制高点,获得了舆论的支持和同情。美国为此被迫表态,愿与法俄一道打击恐怖分子。既然“盟主”定调,北约其他国家也只好如影随形:只要不侵犯土领土,其他都是俄土两国事务,决不予干涉。土耳其转眼间成了“孤家寡人”。

在俄“动真格”后,北约大国更是倒向俄,私下“狠批”土。不少北约外交官认为,土原本只需将苏-24赶走即可。英国《独立报》称,埃尔多安在最近4年里对叙错误的政策使他付出了巨大代价。德国《法兰克福汇报》26日称,真正的敌人是“伊斯兰国”,西方应该联俄。刚遭受恐袭的法国官员称:法国显然“不能一边与俄罗斯并肩战斗,一边对其进行制裁”,“我们必须与普京合作”。

土还受到了来自许多国家民众的压力。俄战机被击落后,俄国内以及白俄罗斯、希腊等国民众,自发举行游行示威予以谴责。临近土的俄联邦北奥塞梯-阿兰共和国当局宣布,将中止与土的经贸关系。11月27日,希腊首都雅典市中心的宪法广场聚集了50多人,强烈谴责土的不负责行为。另有媒体称,土国内一些民众也对此表示不满甚至反对。

俄土不会发生“第十三次战争”

土空军发射的导弹击碎了苏-24战机,更击碎了自2000年以来俄土苦心建起的政治互信。俄舆论普遍认为,尽管俄祭出一揽子制裁措施,俄土关系受到严峻威胁,但两国领导人不会让双边关系完全破裂,双方不可能发生“第十三次战争”。

面对日益尖锐的俄土矛盾,达武特奥卢12月1日呼吁,希望与俄建立军事沟通渠道,避免俄苏-24战机事件重演。彼得罗夫斯基认为,制裁作为一柄双刃剑,显然是俄方被迫采取的回击措施,当前反恐前景仍困难重重,西方也不希望俄土纷争影响到联合反恐的大局。未来,不排除西方对土施压,促其继续软化态度。因此,在全球反恐格局中,俄有望借此契机争取更多的利益。

俄国立人文大学国外区域学和对外政策教研室副教授马尔科多诺夫认为,尽管安卡拉和莫斯科的负面情绪已接近极点,但双方有着走出几近死胡同的经验,任何一方都不希望通过削弱对方助长第三方势力。此外,土非常清楚,尽管自己不喜欢阿萨德,但邻国局势的动荡无疑会波及土社会稳定。因此,在当前复杂条件下俄土双方的“上策”是找到某种临时妥协。

可以预见的是,俄土之间虽不致起“热战”,但“冷对立”免不了要持续一段时间。

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