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美国研究卫星太空加油 专家:技术可行但是有风险

2014-03-17 09:18:21   环球网

在此之前,科研人员已经进行了地面卫星燃料的转移测试。通过机器人测试了如何安全地转移氧化剂,全过程模拟了卫星所处的轨道环境,其中包括压力的流量,转移过程中需要与操作员等保持一定的安全距离。

记者了解到,卫星上通常使用的氧化剂是四氧化二氮,它是一种非常危险的化学物质,有毒、也有腐蚀性,需要经过特殊的处理,在转移过程中需要非常小心,稍有不慎就会导致加注失败,甚至导致卫星失效。

为此,科研人员还试图使用乙醇作为卫星燃料的替代产品。来自美国戈达德空间飞行中心的科研人员认为,目前进行的这项试验仅仅是个开始,他们已经在卫星燃料的加注上前进了一大步,但是还不能证明该过程是安全的。

杨宇光表示:“从技术层面上说,目前人类已经掌握的交会对接、空间机械臂等技术,能够支持我们完成太空加油的任务。但在风险控制方面还有待加强,尤其是加注过程中容易发生泄漏等危险,如何避免,还需要进一步探讨。”

未来应用 不容小觑

虽然目前“太空加油”计划看上去困难重重,并不那么美好,但其未来的应用价值不可低估。卫星在轨燃料加注需要先进的自动交会对接系统、机械臂等捕获装置,该技术未来甚至可以为行星防御、大型轨道结构的安装等进行服务。

一向精明的美国宇航局也不会做“赔本的买卖”,或许他们的科研人员已经找到了控制成本与安全可靠性的方法,或许这只是他们的预研项目。但不管怎样,“太空加油”技术都值得各航天大国的关注与期待。

杨宇光表示,“太空加油”技术一旦被广泛采用,将会对后续卫星、飞船等航天器的设计理念有所突破,太空开发的成本也将有效降低,同时还能有效减少太空垃圾的数量。(胡逢超《中国航天报·飞天科普周刊》)

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