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被中国海军捕获的无人潜航器到底是个什么“神器”

2016-12-19 08:55:31   科技日报

美国国防部一名官员12月16日表示,中国海军在南海捕获一艘美国的无人潜航器。据《纽约时报》报道,美国防部证实无人潜航器被中方扣押,已要求归还。科技日报记者了解到,这已经不是无人潜航器第一次出现在中国南海了。早在去年,就有媒体披露“海南渔民南海捞出外国间谍潜航器”事件。那么,什么是无人潜航器?它能执行哪些任务?出现在中国南海海域意欲何为?

国防科技大学国家安全与军事战略研究中心张煌博士表示:“无人潜航器体积小,主要发挥水下侦察、监视作用。近年来,世界军事强国高度重视水下武器装备的研制与开发。美国曾经于2013年开展海底预置武器的专项研究,无人潜航器就是其成果之一。从目前来看,无人潜航器有可能成为颠覆未来海战模式的重要因素”。

无人潜航器作为造型轻便、性能先进的水下侦察监视设备,对水下通信、材料以及导航定位等技术领域都提出了很高的要求,只有少数科技发达国家才具备相应的制造能力。

一名美国官员透露,这艘被捕获的无人潜航器是用来监测水的盐度和温度以绘制水文地图,隶属于美国海军,但当时正由平民操作。该官员还说,这个水下潜航器在中国南海海域“合法”进行军事测量,享受主权豁免保护。

资料图:无人潜航器

对此,张煌指出,美军在南海部署无人潜航器,其重要战略意图在于收集掌握我国的海洋信息资源。依据国际海洋法的相关规定,沿海主权国家拥有在其领海和专属经济区科考活动的管辖权,沿海国可以管理、授权和进行海洋科研活动,其他国家未得到沿海国同意原则上不能进行海洋科学研究。如果沿海国家同意他国在其专属经济区内进行海洋科考活动,那么沿海国拥有参与的权利,并且可以向开展研究活动的外国机构要求提供情报、成果和结论。美国在其政治、经济利益的驱使下,打着民间科考测量的旗号,不断利用无人潜航器获取我国近海潮汐、声场、温度、港区、海上油井以及海岸防护工程等关键信息。它不仅可以搜集民用领域的海洋信息,甚至搜集南海海域的次表层水温、盐度、密度、海流及水下声场等与军事活动密切相关的海洋信息。

“特别是,无人潜航器一旦应用于对我领海的抵近侦查,可能用于获取我海军各种作战平台信息以及潜艇出航的航道信息,进而对我海上军事安全形成严重威胁。”他说。

有媒体透露,美军无人潜航器不仅可用于收集情报,还可用于跟踪“敌方”潜艇,甚至发射导弹和空中无人机。

“因此,部署无人潜航器也反映了美军对中国南海海域昭然若揭的针对性战略意图。”张煌表示。

张煌指出:“部署无人潜航器,是美国制造南海紧张局势的一种尝试,其意图在于以军事手段对中国实施武力威慑,从而为美国继续介入南海问题的外交与军事行动提供信息数据支持。有鉴于此,必须有针对性地发展相关防范与反制手段。”

责任编辑:王雷 CM029
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