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中国航天幕后英雄:在深山里专为火箭焊“心脏”

2016-10-17 15:56:42   华西都市报

一般焊接完了,由于射线烫伤等非可控因素,会出现气泡。这在载人航天工程中是决不允许存在的。必须要抠掉,进行补焊。李兵告诉记者,而补焊要求很高,只有两次机会,超过两次设备就要报废。

李兵回忆说,这样的补焊工作平时也在做,基本上是一次就成功。但是那次非常特殊。当时距离发射时间节点已很接近,再加上是我们国家首次载人工程。“心理压力非常大。”

为此,补焊前,以前烂熟于心的技术,他又专门花了一天时间去温习。最终,李兵顶着巨大心理压力,带着一股子不服输的拼劲。连续几天在车间查找问题所在。衣服干了湿、湿了干。

补焊的时间其实很短暂。只有一分钟的时间。而恰恰是这一分钟,他用焊枪十分精准地将缺陷一次性成功排除,为神舟六号发射成功立下了汗马功劳。

匠人匠心

手执焊枪36年

他的独门绝技 为国家节约近亿元

再过一年,今年54岁的李兵就可以退休了。

焊工属于特殊工种,按照规定,55岁就可以退休。而事实上,早在一年前,厂领导已经找了李兵谈话,希望他继续在岗位上发挥余热。对于李兵来说,早就做好了心理准备。入厂30多年,当年一起进厂的同伴,只有他还坚守在焊接一线。

随着技术条件不断成熟,很多焊接工艺已经实现了机械化。但是火箭存储箱体成本高、且小批量单件化的特点,无法进行批量化生产。手工焊接对技术工人的依赖度仍然较高。在很多人看来,焊接,就是一个熟能生巧的技术活儿。但在李兵看来,焊接,不仅仅是个经验活儿。

从拿起焊枪那天起,每隔8年到10年,他都要换一个不同的工序,重新开始学习焊接工艺。承载运载火箭焊接的所有班组,他走完了一遍。“想要焊好和焊精完全是两个概念。”在他看来,焊接是个需要持续学习,不仅要实践,还要有理论基础的工作。要有材料学、机械学、电子工程等多个学科的储备,只有这样才能不断创新。

焊接容易出现变形,通过多次分析和实验,他独创了预应力控制焊接变形的方法,避免了产品多次补焊的不利后果;创新了箱体锁底焊缝缺陷的特殊补焊方法,独创了箱体悬空补焊的操作技巧;攻克了长达十多米的箱体焊缝进行补焊易发生变形、错缝的难题,创造性地总结了一套分段补焊、退步补焊、大气孔钻排等操作方法,一次补焊合格率接近100%。

严慎细致是航天人“保成功、保交付”的极致追求。他多次刷新一次焊接合格率记录,从未出现过人为责任差错,产品质量接近零缺陷。30年来,他的独门绝技为国家挽回和节约研制经费近亿元。

如今,李兵把更多的精力放在技术提升和人才培养上。因为技术的高超,李兵获得了“国家级技能大师”的称号。工厂还以他的名字成立了“李兵特种熔融焊接技能大师工作室”,带出来的徒弟个个身手不凡。“在一线,任务是不能讲条件的。”年纪大了,现在的李兵视力不是那么好了。但是关键时刻,需要他出马,还是二话不说,拿起焊枪冲在第一线。

人物名片

李兵,生于1962年,川北技校精密机床修理专业毕业。中国航天科技集团长征机械厂手工氩弧焊工特级技师。2012年,“李兵技能大师工作室”成为国家级技能大师工作室,2014年获得“全国五一劳动奖章”,2015年获评“全国劳动模范”。今年,被评选为四川首届杰出人才,全省仅有18人当选。

华西都市报记者 张想玲 实习生 朱双燕 摄影 吕甲

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