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俄专家:001A避免辽宁舰的重大结构缺陷 性能大增

2016-09-02 09:45:37   央广网

资料图:在大连建造的001A型航母

原标题:俄媒:中国国产航母或助核潜艇赴南海战斗巡航

从日本媒体援引中国消息人士的各种报道来看,中国目前正在大连建造的第二艘航母将在2016年年底前下水。未来这艘航母有望在南海服役。俄罗斯军事专家瓦西里卡申8月31日向卫星网对此进行了点评。

整体而言,中国第二艘航母的结构有些像首艘“辽宁舰”航母,而“辽宁舰”航母已经建成,由中国人对曾是苏联海军1143.6型重型载机巡洋舰“瓦良格”号航母进行一些改进后而得来。第二艘航母的尺寸、结构,以及飞机从跳板起飞的示意图都与首艘航母相似。然而,它的能力可能远比首艘航母高。

问题在于,“辽宁舰”航母的“老大哥”,是俄罗斯唯一一艘航母“库兹涅佐夫海军上将”号。“库兹涅佐夫海军上将”航母的服役揭示出结构存在许多重大缺陷,不进行完全重建,这些重大缺陷是无法消除的。最著名的缺陷是动力装置不可靠,有时严重限制舰只的航速,需要频繁维修。

另一个问题是舷侧飞机升降装置尺寸过小。中国的J-15舰载飞机类似苏-33战机,勉强能够从航母甲板下的机库钻进舷侧飞机升降装置,很难容身其间。战机在舷侧飞机升降装置中的布置要求最高层级的艺术,否则可能受损。后果是战机传动到飞行甲板被延缓,航母确保白天大量出动战机架次的能力下降。这些困难也是俄罗斯海军决心在稍小的米格-29型歼击机的基础上打造新一代甲板战机的原因之一。此外,苏联航母在室内场所上的规划也不合理,这减少了本来可以部署的舰载机的数量。

在苏联航母上规定部署强力进攻性导弹武器,这只会额外减少甲板下机库的有效面积。所有这些缺陷都与苏联设计师们经验不足与缺乏明确的航母使用构想有关。

在这些缺陷中,一些问题可能在“辽宁舰”航母上得到修正。但考虑到中国在花钱购买其前身“瓦良格”号航母时,航母的建造工作就已经进行了65%到70%之间,那么对项目进行重要改建的可能性很小。而在再度建造新航母时,这些缺陷可以避免。这样,可以期待中国海军第二艘航母的结构可能大幅改善,舰载机的数量可能大幅增加,并为其服役创造更有利的条件。

文章称,中国海军第二艘航母或被指定在南海服役,与西方航母不同的是,第二艘航母的主要作用是向世界其它部分投射力量,为在驻扎在海南岛的中国核导弹潜艇对南海地区进行战斗巡航时提供防卫工作。前苏联海军1143.5型“库兹涅佐夫海军上将”号航母,以及1143.6型“瓦良格”号航母的主要用途莫不如是。

责任编辑:张海潮
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