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俄坦克两项即将开赛 中国最新96B坦克都有何改进

2016-07-25 08:54:34   观察者网

资料图:潜渡时,由于燃气轮机无法用单向阀门来进行水下排气,所以T-80U坦克需要两根通气管,一进一出,进气管直接接在炮塔后方的进气管上

资料图:相比之下,采用柴油机的T-72坦克潜渡时只要一根排气管就可以了

这个设计有点类似于苏联T-80U坦克,该型坦克并没有炮塔尾舱,但在铸造型炮塔后面却延伸出了一个“烟囱”,也是与发动机舱上面的平台配合,在坦克炮塔向前状态(允许炮塔左右转动5度左右)时,这个“烟囱”可以使用。

可想而知,T-80U和96B的“进气烟囱”都是有其设计用意的。

当年苏联T-80U坦克的进气管可能有两个考虑,主要的是改善进气质量,降低滤清器损耗。另一个是简化过水障时的作业程序。去年印度坦克兵驾驶T-72B3坦克通过水障时没控制好车速,让水直接流进了进气口,导致坦克熄火,从这里就可以看出T-80U和96B的这个设计在这方面确实有好处,至少这种情况可以完全避免。

资料图:96B坦克的进气管有了这个装置,96B可以不经准备直接涉渡不超过自己炮塔顶部的水障碍,且不必担心发动机进水。但这个设计下,应该不允许炮塔转动,必须固定向前才能让进气管发挥作用,表明这个进气管对于进气系统来说并非必备装备,只是在行军状态下提高进气质量和降低渡河准备工作量

资料图:相比之下,与96B动力包外形看起来很接近的VT-4坦克上并没有这个设计

但是可以注意到,在改用乌克兰6TD柴油发动机的T-80UD上,这个进气管的设计就被取消了。

采用国产8V150柴油发动机的96B式坦克为何也要采用这样一个进气管,笔者有些困惑,但其基本作用和T-80U的进气管应该是一样的。一个是改善进气质量,一个是方便涉渡、潜渡作业。这表明96B坦克的进气量增加不少。

上次的军评中,施洋已经写过关于96B坦克的行动系统改进重点除了采用新一代发动机增强功率,最重要的是使用了液气传动系统和自动变速箱,大幅度简化乘员操作。换言之,机动性的较大幅度提升是96B坦克的主要“卖点”。同时,该车装有新一代信息化系统,可以注意到车上的通讯天线系统相当复杂。除此之外就是火控系统在原来已经相当先进的96A坦克基础上也有所提高。在最近我军自己组织的“东部铁拳——坦克·铁骑”竞赛中,96A坦克在2800米距离上行进间射击,达到3发2中的成绩,这是世界先进水平的,而96B则在此基础上更有进步。

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