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答:“萨尔马特”先进的反导设计,足以突破世界上最先进的防空和反导系统。在优化飞行轨迹后,“萨尔马特”导弹可采用经由南极飞行轨迹在内的多种不同预设弹道,并采取分导式弹头设计,一次携带的10-15枚核弹头在与弹体分离后各自具有不同的飞行轨迹,可同时从不同方向发起进攻,让敌方反导系统难以招架。
“一体两型”实现全球覆盖问:有消息称,“萨尔马特”导弹有两种不同的型号,分别具有不同射程,这种“一体两型”设计出于什么考量?答:俄方称,“萨尔马特”是一种双重用途战略导弹,具有针对美国和西欧的不同设计方案,能有效回击美全球导弹防御系统威胁。针对美国的方案,导弹起飞重量150-200吨,射程16000公里,投掷重量达10吨;针对欧洲的方案,导弹射程9000公里,起飞重量100-120吨,投掷重量5吨。“萨尔马特”导弹按照10000公里的射程,如从预定部署区域发射,可以攻击到包括伦敦在内的欧洲各大城市,还可以攻击到美国部分城市。
问:一直以来,人们普遍认为固体导弹比液体导弹综合性能更加优越,俄罗斯为何重新研制液体导弹?答:俄罗斯曾积累了先进的液体战略导弹技术,在大力研制新型固体战略导弹的同时,俄不会轻易放弃液体战略导弹的传统技术优势。
液体战略导弹的最大特点是具有较高的可靠性和更大的威力。根据俄核作战设想,固定部署的液体陆基战略导弹作战反应快,主要用于执行先发制人式的迎击和预警后的反击等首次打击任务,移动部署的固体陆基战略导弹生存能力相对较高,主要用于执行回击等二次打击任务。因此,“固液并存、以固为主”是核导弹作战部署上的最佳搭配。SS-18和SS-19液体导弹退役后,俄如果只保留“白杨-M”地下井型导弹,将难以满足首次打击的需求,而装备新型液体战略导弹可以补充地下井型战略导弹的数量,实现两种发射方式的优势互补。
俄原战略火箭兵总参谋长维克多·叶欣上将在解释为何继续坚持研制和部署新型液体导弹时说,必须研制一种新型液体燃料导弹,以便突破美国反导系统,因为重型液体导弹可实现更大的推力和投掷质量,能装备更多的突防措施,有效提升突防能力。
维护国家安全的优先选项问:作为俄未来导弹家族的中坚力量,“萨尔马特”服役后会部署在哪些区域?部署后,将在俄核武器家族中扮演何种角色?
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