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中国北斗全球网采用全新导航信号 先服务一带一路

2016-04-25 10:47:21   中国新闻网

在探月工程方面,2017年,“嫦娥五号”飞行器将发射并完成月球采样返回任务,届时中国将成为全球第三个自主掌握月球探测返回技术的国家;2018年,将研制并发射“嫦娥四号”飞行器,实现世界首次月球背面软着陆。

在火星探测方面,中国计划于2020年发射火星探测器,一步实现“绕、落、巡”工程目标。

在高分辨率对地观测系统方面,将研制发射“高分六号”、“高分七号”等5颗卫星,全面完成高分辨率对地观测系统建设,实现高空间分辨率、高时间分辨率和高光谱分辨率的观测。

在空间科学与应用领域,今年,将发射中国首颗空间天文卫星硬X射线调制望远镜卫星和X射线脉冲导航卫星,使中国天文学在高能天体物理领域实现地面观测到天地联合观测的跨越式发展,建立大尺度时空基准。

关于北斗卫星导航系统,中国将在2020年前后建成北斗二号全球组网系统,形成为全球用户提供高质量服务的能力。

!

“嫦娥-3号”着陆器地形相机拍摄的月面环境,满目苍凉,天空黑暗。图像来源:中国科学院国家天文台月球与深空探测研究部官网

——中国人啥时候登上月球?

47年前,美国宇航员阿姆斯特朗在月球表面首次留下人类足迹,实现了人类登月梦想。那么,中国人何时飞到月亮上去?

中国探月工程采取“绕”、“落”、“回”三步走,在2020年之前均为无人探测。事实上,三步走的月球探测,在很大程度上正是为将来的载人登月做准备——走通地月之间的道路。

中国探月三期总设计师胡浩今年全国两会期间透露,中国航天部门正在对“载人登月”进行组织论证。“通过无人探测已经具备一定的技术基础,只是目前的运载火箭想要送人还‘力不从心’。”

在胡浩看来,无论是出于中华文化对于月球的向往,还是鉴于月球独特的资源环境及其利用价值,中国人都应尽快登上月球。

——嫦娥有多少“姐妹”了?

自2007年“嫦娥一号”卫星发射以来,月宫里的嫦娥便不再寂寞。至此,她已有三个“姐妹”相继升空——“嫦娥一号”成功绕月,“嫦娥二号”成功探月,“嫦娥三号”成功落月。

“嫦娥三号”降落的地点是月球虹湾区,这是人类航天器第一次着陆该区域。它和玉兔月球车拍摄的迄今为止最清晰的月面高分辨率全彩照片不久前首次公布,让全世界看到了一个真实的月球,也给全世界科学家研究月球提供了第一手资料。

自2013年12月14日月面软着陆以来,“嫦娥三号”目前已超期服役一年多,创造了全世界在月工作最长纪录。

未来两年,嫦娥将再迎来两个新“姐妹”——“嫦娥四号”预计于2018年实现人类航天器第一次着陆月球背面;“嫦娥五号”计划2017年前后实现“奔月落月—采样—返回地球”,中国科学家将用自主获得的月球样品开展深入研究。

——“天宫”里怎么样了?

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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