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中国人在老挝频遭袭击 美国中情局或是幕后黑手

2016-03-29 11:17:00   观察者网

老挝、越南地区族群分布图(1970年数据)。紫色区域为老挝的主体民族佬族,青色的是苗族,黄色是孟高棉民族,绿色是京族(越族)。

老挝的主体民族佬族(与傣族、泰族是同一民族),聚居区其实只有与泰国接壤的狭长一线,而赛宋奔省,则是苗族人的家园。

那么这些苗族人与中情局有什么关系?

老挝的苗族与中国同宗,大约是200年前才从中国云南迁至老挝北部山区,被当地统治者视为下等民族。

当然不久之后,法国殖民者来到了这里,曾经强大的泰族人、高棉人和越南人也都成了下等民族,苗族人却成为了一支不容忽视的力量。

受到英国人在远东从事鸦片贸易的启发,法国也在老挝北方与缅甸、越南接壤的山区大力推广鸦片种植,这就是后来大名鼎鼎的“金三角”。居住在这里的苗族人成了主要的受害者之一。

19世纪末20世纪初,不堪殖民者剥削的苗族人多次起义,虽然终被镇压,但也形成了悍勇善战的军事传统。在此后数十年中,渴望政治权利的苗族武装力量屡屡被卷入各国殖民者和本地封建统治者的斗争。

“苗王”王宝

从1955年开始,美国中情局就盯上了这支武装力量,扶植起一代“苗王”王宝,将苗族武装扩充至数万人,用以对抗老挝的社会主义者“巴特寮”。在此后的越南战争中,苗族人又被用于打击著名的“胡志明小道”,给北越军队造成了严重的伤亡。

《纽约时报》曾报道称,王宝把他的同胞放进了“胡志明小道绞肉机”中,为的就是拯救美国士兵的生命。在投入战斗时,王宝经常会高喊:“如果我们要死,就要死在一起,没有人会被遗弃。”

这是因为,美国曾向苗族人承诺并肩作战,即使失败也可以把他们接到美国。但在1/10的族人牺牲(王宝语)之后,他们却被抛弃了。越战之后,不少苗族人担心来自社会主义老挝的报复,纷纷流亡至泰国,或是重新躲进深山。美国非但没有帮他们安家,还一直隐瞒了这段历史,被媒体称“秘密的战争”。 组照片获得了次年的荷赛奖(World Press Photo Award)。

树欲静而风不止

直到1997年,美国才开始履行当年的承诺,将部分流亡的苗族人接到美国。西方媒体从此也终于可以公开地谈论老挝苗族问题,当然,更多的时候是在指责老挝政府对苗族的打压和报复。老挝政府把大量投降苗人送入劳改营,成了美国人权报告中永远少不了的材料。

老挝苗族的确还没有完全融入这个国家。40多年中,苗族人居住的赛宋奔地区,曾经被划为特区、被纳入万象省,又重新设省,显示出老挝政府也在极力改善对这一地区的控制。

然而隔岸观火的指责总是太容易,但外人未必总是有资格让亲历者忘记历史。在越南战争期间,美国轰炸机曾在老挝投下了200万吨以上的炸弹,比二战期间轰炸德国和日本使用的炸弹总和还要多。据估计,有8000万枚子炸弹在落地后没有爆炸,至今仍有危险。让老挝人忘记那场战争,恐怕并不比让犹太人原谅纳粹更容易。

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