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中国将在太空建天基太阳能电站 已开始研究试验

2016-03-08 10:06:55   观察者网

域外方案

美国:1979 SPS基准系统,这是第一个比较完整的空间太阳能电站的系统设计方案,由美国在1979年完成,以全美国一半的发电量为目标进行设计。其设计方案为在地球静止轨道上布置60个发电能力各为5吉瓦的发电卫星。

集成对称聚光系统:NASA在20世纪90年代末的SERT研究计划中提出的方案。采用了位于桅杆两边的大型蚌壳状聚光器将太阳能反射到两个位于中央的光伏阵列。聚光器面向太阳,桅杆、电池阵、发射阵作为一体,旋转对地。聚光器与桅杆间相互旋转以应对每天的轨道变化和季节变化。

日本:分布式绳系卫星系统,为减小单个模块的复杂性和重量,日本科学家提出了分布式绳系卫星的概念。其基本单元由尺寸为100米×95米的单元板和卫星平台组成,单元板和卫星平台间采用四根2千米~10千米的绳系悬挂在一起。单元板是由太阳能电池、微波转换装置和发射天线组成的夹层结构板,共包含3800个模块。每个单元板的总重约为42.5吨,微波能量传输功率为2.1兆瓦。由25块单元板组成子板,25块子板组成整个系统。该设计方案的模块化设计思想非常清晰,有利于系统的组装、维护。但系统的质量仍显巨大,特别是利用效率较低。

欧洲:太阳帆塔,欧洲在1998年“空间及探索利用的系统概念、结构和技术研究”计划中提出了欧洲太阳帆塔的概念。该方案基于美国提出的太阳塔概念,并采用许多新技术。其中最主要的是采用了可展开的轻型结构——太阳帆。其可以大大降低系统的总重量、减小系统的装配难度。其中每一块太阳帆电池阵为一个模块,尺寸为150米×150米,发射入轨后自动展开,在低地轨道进行系统组装,再通过电推力器转移至地球同步轨道。由于该方案采用梯度稳定方式实现发射天线对地球定向,所以太阳帆板无法实现持续对日定向。

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