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专家:美与中国耗是战略错误 基辛格后无卓越人才

2016-02-25 13:24:36   环球网

二是,中美两强与其他诸强实力差距进一步拉大的趋势没有改变。即使从经济本身看,2015年美国实际GDP增长率2.4%,总量达18.13万亿美元,确实靓丽抢眼,但中国增速6.9%既在预期之内,也仍成就非凡。2015年中国GDP总量达到67.67万亿人民币,与美国的差距仍在缩小。更重要的是,世界上经济总量超10万亿美元的国家不再只是美国一家。根据IMF预计,2015年日、德、英、法四国GDP之和为12.77万亿美元,而中美之和则已高达近29万亿美元,两者相差超过16万亿美元,而2009年这一差距则大约仅为6万亿美元。

这两个基本趋势意味着,中美实力拉近的大趋势不因一时一事而改变,也由此,中美两强战略竞争性愈益加强、战略博弈的全面性更加突出将是不以人的意志为转移的客观现实。对这一现实,既没必要有意回避,也无需刻意渲染,关键在于如何面对。中国提出愿同美方探讨共同构建新型大国关系,正是基于对上述两大趋势的总体判断,以未雨绸缪、防患未然的危机意识和主动塑造、建设性合作的积极姿态,从历史视野和战略高度去谋划中美关系的未来。美国一些战略界人士往往从权宜论、阴谋论、谋略论的狭隘角度去看待这一努力,是“以小人之心度君子之腹”,所谓“君子坦荡荡,小人常戚戚”,正其谓也。

美国别犯第三次战略错误

当前需要美国人把握事态、摆正心态、端正姿态,否则可能错失良机,阴差阳错地犯第三次战略错误。

冷战结束以来,美国犯过两次大的战略错误。第一次是错误地将苏联的解体视作“美国战胜苏联”的结果,而忽视其背后错综复杂的内外因素,进而冷战后美国以居高临下、盛气凌人的胜利者姿态对待俄罗斯:一面开出“休克疗法”错方,各种对俄援助口惠实不至,令俄罗斯经济陷入凋敝;一面继续穷追猛打,加速北约东扩,将俄逼入墙角,使俄罗斯安全上感到威胁。更严重的是,美国政界学界普遍蔑视俄罗斯,对普京的一举一动要么嗤之以鼻,要么反应过度,缺乏对俄罗斯内外行为及其动因的深刻理解和起码尊重。如今,美俄非但没能实现和解,反而重新走向对抗,甚至有滑向“新冷战”的风险。由于这种状况,乌克兰危机、叙利亚危机复杂难解,倒霉的是欧洲、中东乃至全世界,最终将殃及美国自身。

美国犯的第二次战略错误是2003年发动的伊拉克战争。小布什政府错误地将各国对其反恐的支持理解为支持美国为所欲为,因而将反恐的清单越拉越长,“恐怖分子—恐怖主义—极端伊斯兰—恐怖主义庇护国—邪恶轴心—暴政前哨”,将反恐战争当作清除异己的工具,滥用国际社会的反恐合作。结果,萨达姆政权终被推翻,而伊拉克状况更加恶劣。受此拖累,中东局势每况愈下,甚至陷入目前僵局无解的局面。

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