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美国拿朝鲜没办法就拿中国撒气

2016-01-28 09:06:26   环球网

中国在支持朝鲜?

侠客岛 :西方媒体有种说法,认为作为与朝鲜关系较为密切的国家,正是中国在背后支持朝鲜,才让朝鲜在国际制裁的背景下走到了现在。他们甚至举出数据说,朝鲜的对外贸易额有90%来自中国。您怎么看?

郑继永 :把正常的贸易说成是“支持”,本身就是一种政治性的说法。由于制裁,美日韩对朝的贸易额比较少;但无论中国的贸易额有多大,都不能表示我们放松了对朝鲜的制裁。从第一次核试验到第三次核试验,到联合国所有决议本身,我们都忠实地履行了决议。

同时要注意到,根据韩国的初步统计,中朝大概有60-70亿美元的贸易额,这是正常的贸易投资额。一者,这个数字并不大;第二,这也不是朝鲜的纯收入,只是贸易额,是中朝双方、个人企业相互得利的一种正常往来,完全在联合国决议范围内,并不能说明中国放松了对朝的制裁,没有逻辑关系。

可以看到,1990年代中期,朝鲜称之为“苦难的行军”时,中朝贸易额非常小,那时南北之间的交易更多,而那也是核危机最开始的时候,但是朝韩方面的贸易却没有停止,总不能说当时的韩国支持了朝鲜对吧?把市场之间的贸易说成是对政权的支持,这本身就很可笑。

侠客岛 :“我和克里国务卿在这个问题上的讨论是充分、深入和有益的,增进了双方相互了解。我们达成的主要共识是,安理会可就朝鲜核试验做出反应,通过新的决议。同时,制裁不是目的,关键是要重启对话谈判。中美在这一大方向上是一致的。双方愿继续就此加强协商合作。”这是王毅的表态。从中可以看出中美在这个问题上有什么可能的方案吗?

郑继永 :克里访华,大家在表面上讲,都想达成实质性的答案出来,但实际上非常困难。

在我看来,首先,在解决核问题的时候,要把问题单纯化,不能夹带私货太多;我们是为了解决朝鲜核问题,而不是中美重构在东北亚地区的对抗。如果中美形成对抗,对解决问题的阻碍会非常大。可能朝鲜会提出很多过高要求,但是有合理的成分在,比如对和平的呼吁。如果美国有意解决问题的话,应该适时听取合理性的成分,吸纳过来,以对话的方式解决,在东北亚建立起某种和平架构和机制,而非以更大的军事压力应对。

最近美国在提倡“五方会谈”,把朝鲜排除在外,中美俄韩日五方谈。我对此并不看好。之前六方会谈,本来就起步于中美朝三方;六方会谈中,双边、三四五方都搞过。这次美国的五方会谈,本身就要推翻以前六方会谈达成的协议,那么新的五方会谈也很难有实质性成果。

尤其是,本来朝鲜的对立情绪就很严重,现在美国的这种提法,就是冲着搞死搞垮朝鲜来的,达成的协议,更加不可能让朝鲜接受,不是么?换句话说,美韩对中国建议了很多,无论是一揽子方案还是制裁清单,但这些问题的本身不能放在搞乱搞死搞垮朝鲜的出发点上,而应该放在解决问题上。这样只会让朝鲜更加没有安全感。

也就是说,我们要跳出“保护某个政权”、“设置缓冲区”这样的原始地缘政治思维。从中国的根本利益、中朝双边的利益看,在中国周边,中朝边界属于相对比较稳定的地区,这也是我们非常珍视的比较稳定的环境。其次,从地区来讲,稳定的半岛局势,对朝鲜半岛,对“一带一路”,都是比较有利的,因此中国比较重视平衡稳定。第三,从国际上,无核化的国际责任,中国是要负的,防止核扩散也是中国应该做的。

因此,中国的立场是肯定的。以前达成的制裁方案、朝鲜没有履行的责任,一定要继续推进;第四次核试验对中国的影响比较大,中国会作出适当的反应,但不会做出过度的反应。我们也会有某种措施,避免朝鲜有更多的核试验、做出更多出格的事,但这些措施的出发点,都是上面三点,也就是王毅说的“坚持半岛无核化,坚持半岛和平稳定,坚持通过对话协商解决问题”。要做到这一点,美国必须和中国“相向而行”,而非夹带私货地进行博弈。采写/公子无忌

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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