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中国新型核反应堆造价30亿美元

2016-01-07 10:31:54   参考消息

中国核电“走出去”风头正劲。(资料图片)

参考消息网1月6日报道日媒称,为了成为“核能强国”,中国开始加快培育关联产业。执行这一国家战略的先锋是作为“三大核能企业”之首的中国核工业集团。该公司引领着中国核电产业的振兴,现在更以自主开发的国产核电为武器,加速拓展海外市场。

《日本经济新闻》1月5日以《中国核电出口的先锋——中核集团》为题报道称,2015年12月30日,在位于北京的国家发改委大楼,中国核工业集团董事长孙勤和中国广核集团董事长贺禹共同表示,“我们的竞争对手是全世界的核电行业巨头。一起向西看吧。”

报道称,两家公司当天举行了签约仪式,共同出资5亿元人民币,成立出口国产压水堆“华龙一号”的公司。

中国核工业集团和中国广核集团都是大型国有核能企业。中国核工业集团以中国原核工业部为母体,一直是行业老大。中国广核集团则以广东省为底盘,立志在核电站建设和运营成绩方面成为国内老大。“彼此互为竞争对手、一山不容二虎”的两家企业突然迅速接近的背景是,2011年的东京电力福岛第一核电站发生事故。

报道称,“核能产业的健康发展离不开安全性的确保”,中国政府转变了此前让国有大企业间互相竞争的核电政策,认识到“要想在海外市场掌握主导权,应避免过度的国内竞争”。其解决方案便是中国核工业集团与中国广核集团的“技术合作”。

报道称,在浙江省嘉兴市,1991年中国最早的核电站“秦山第一核电站”试运行。中国1964年首次成功完成核爆试验,为核武器的实用化开辟了道路。这次,中国又以“军转民”的口号,推进军事技术的军民融合。秦山核电站也是其中一环,参与者是中国核工业集团的前身企业。

秦山第一核电站的基础零部件是由三菱重工业等提供的,但却一直致力于中国自主设计和建设。为了弥补性能不足,尽管也引入了海外技术,但中国核工业集团却执着于本国技术。

报道称,另一方面,中国广核集团的技术是作为法国阿海珐前身的原法马通提供的。中国核工业集团与中国广核集团希望通过整合各自技术,提高“国产核电”的性能,集中精力参与海外竞标,由此诞生了“华龙一号”。

“华龙一号”的反应堆容器和蒸汽发生器等核心部分都是中国制造。每座反应堆的平均建设费用为30亿美元左右,只相当于日美欧企业的三分之二左右。

报道称,“英国也决定采用。性能非常棒。”2015年11月,中国核工业集团与阿根廷政府签订出口“华龙一号”压水堆协议。对这次协议起到关键作用的是,英国一个月前决定在国内核电站中使用该款反应堆。

不过,“华龙一号”压水堆是一个结合国内外技术的“来路不明的存在”(日本核电企业语)。要想实现稳定运转和确立审查体制,离不开发达国家的合作。

为了进一步强化竞争力,据说中国政府正在研究将中国核工业集团与中国广核集团进行合并。以形成与追求规模效益、接受东芝旗下西屋公司提供技术的国家电力投资集团的“两强”格局。

报道称,中国核电行业已经由“韬光养晦”进入了争夺国际市场的新阶段。(编译/张诚)

责任编辑:张海潮
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