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所以,晚清政府在当时人们的眼里无疑是一个“万恶的旧世界”,得把它砸个稀巴烂,得把它弄个底朝天。而孙殿英之流正是在这种“趋势”里大行其道。甚至在为自己的“自辩”里,孙殿英还说:“我发掘满清东陵,有3个好处。第一,满清入关之时,大兴文狱,网杀士人,像吕留良、戴名世这样的人,都被开棺戮尸,我虽不才,亦知道佛经有言,以彼之道还施彼身;第二,满清统治三百年了,搜刮的财帛不知多少,今天我发陵,是为通天下财货,收运转之利,丰藏国库。”

孙殿英盗墓,画作
孙殿英就样在当时的社会环境里为自己找到了冠冕堂皇的理由,虽然冯玉祥说他是“好朋友、好同志”,但这与驱逐溥仪出宫简直是不可同日而语的。
冯玉祥下决心驱逐溥仪出宫时,将优待清室的条款做了修改,主要有这样五条:一、大清宣统皇帝即日起永远废除皇帝尊号;二、民国政府每年补助清室五十万元,另拨两百万元设立北京贫民工厂,尽先收容旗籍贫民;三、清室即日移出宫禁,以后可自由选择住居;四、清室之宗庙陵寝永远奉祀,由民国酌设卫兵妥为保护;五、清室私产归清室完全享有,民国政府当特别保护,其一切公产应归民国政府所有。
当时,溥仪正在储秀宫和皇后婉容吃着水果聊天,在收到这些内容后,他感到这些“条款并没有原先想象的那么可怕”。但他当听说冯玉祥“限三小时内全部搬出去”时,急了。在交涉交没有得到实质性的结果后,溥仪又听说如果不在规定的时间内搬走,军队将会向他们开炮,也便只能选择离开。其时,溥仪的宫内大约有太监470余人、宫女100余人。而这意味着他与宫廷生活的彻底告别。

冯玉祥
现在看来,冯玉祥这么做主要原因无非出于这样两点:一是说明他坚定的反帝立场的坚定,而当时确有一些人想要复辟帝制;二是将推翻满清王朝进行得更彻底一些,清虽然灭亡了,但溥仪仍然居住在故宫,沿用宣统年号,享受皇帝的生活,甚至还以皇帝的名义接受名地的奉礼。因此,这在当时确有彻底清理的必要性。有意思的是,被赶出宫的溥仪在后来的回忆中说,婉容的精神似乎被原来在宫里时好了。在他的这段回忆里,人们当然可以联想到那句老百姓常说的名言——旧的不去,新的不来。历史往往就是这样,只是孙殿英的手段太卑劣、太可恶。(文/路生)
责任编辑:杨晓晨 CN067
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