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张学良被“软禁”后,东北军为何分崩离析

2017-12-25 11:29:38   

东北军内部矛盾的存在,派系纷争导致九一八事变的结局其实早在事变发前就已经注定了。

在许多人眼里,东北军是一个以张氏父子为首的整体,实则不然,东北军内部不但存在着不同的派别,而且其形成可以追溯到张作霖奉军时代,在当时奉军即可分为三个主要派别。

张学良被“软禁”后,东北军为何分崩离析

张作霖时期东北军派系的发展

首先是老派,由跟随张作霖起家的元老组成。老派成员可分为三个层次,第一个层次包括汤玉麟、张景惠、张作相、孙烈臣、吴俊升等人,他们或是张作霖的起家兄弟,或是率部加入张作霖集团的合作者,在奉军中地位最高,先后都成为管辖一省的封疆大吏;第二层次包括阚朝玺、汲金纯、张海鹏、于芷山等人,他们有的出身张作霖的书办,有的是作为辽西绿林其它团伙的元老被并入张作霖集团的,地位虽次于第一层,但也都做到了师长、镇守使一级;第三个层次包括马占山、李杜等人,他们并不是东北军的元老,但与元老们有较深的个人关系,因此也属于这一派,比如马占山就是吴俊升的亲信,而李杜是张作相的亲信。

张学良被“软禁”后,东北军为何分崩离析

第二派是士官派,由奉军中的日本陆军士官学校毕业生组成。士官派首领是张作霖的总参议杨宇霆,此人系张作霖的主要谋士,是奉军战略的实际制定者。他通过自己的职权,在奉军中大量引入士官生,形成了围绕张作霖的士官派,代表人物有韩麟春、姜登选、王树常、于珍等人。

张学良被“软禁”后,东北军为何分崩离析

第三派是学生派,由陆军大学、保定军校、奉天陆军速成学堂毕业生组成。清末制定的军事教育体制分陆军小学、陆军中学、陆军兵官学校(保定军校)和陆军大学四级,因而人们将四级学校毕业生统称四校同学,奉天陆军速成学堂学生是从奉天陆军小学选入的,因此也属四校同学。这些人在奉军中因受士官派排挤,以四校同学关系逐步结成一派与之对抗,代表人物有郭松龄、李景林、刘伟等。

张学良被“软禁”后,东北军为何分崩离析

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