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详解蒋介石冯玉祥相爱相杀20年:两大军系的较量

2017-12-15 14:49:33   环球网

现有的资料显示,蒋介石与冯玉祥之间最早的联系始于1926年6月3日,当时广东国民政府主席谭延闿和军事委员会主席蒋介石电邀人在苏联的冯玉祥赴广东共筹“北伐”大计。其后更于1928年2月18日,“互换兰谱,结为异姓兄弟”。自此一直到1948年9月1日,冯玉祥在黑海敖德萨港附近因苏联“胜利号”轮船起火去世,两人交往一共二十年又六个多月。

蒋介石、冯玉祥。.jpg

蒋介石、冯玉祥。

正如台湾“中研院”陶英惠在《蒋介石冯玉祥交往实录:蒋冯书简新篇》中所言:“在这二十多年中,他们两人、时而兵戎相见,时而握手言和,反复较量,可以说恩怨一直不断,最后终于分道扬镳,彻底决裂。”

众所周知,蒋介石和冯玉祥,在中国近代史上曾是举足轻重的风云人物,是民国时期左右政局之人,分别代表了中央(黄埔)、国民(西北)两个军系的领袖。他们同另外两大派系阎锡山(晋军)、李宗仁(桂系)一起,各自手握重兵,雄踞一方。

蒋冯两人之分合,影响民国政局至深。正是如此,有关两人公私来往函电,颇具史料价值。然而,如果不加以详细的注解,实在难以说明他们二人之间交往的真相。所幸任职于“中央研究院”近代史研究所的辑注者陶英惠教授,终于为这批函电整理出一条清晰可辨的脉络。同一封电函内容,陶英惠会对照相关书籍资料,力求找出电函所指究竟为何,以及电函内容产生的前因后果和各方的真实意图,让读者在阅读时,对蒋冯两人的历史角色有更进一步的认识;并对研究中国现代史者,提供一份难得的资料。

正是通过陶英惠对1926-1948年间蒋冯书简的搜集、整理和注释,不难发现:蒋冯两人从北伐战争时期南北呼应相见恨晚、惺惺相惜而义结金兰;到中原大战期间为了不同利益而相互倾轧,甚至是你死我活的兵戈相向;进而到抗日战争时期,再度携手,推心置腹;最终却在国共内战时期因政见不同而彻底决裂。正所谓,蒋冯之间复杂关系,堪称中国现代社会变迁的一个缩影。

北伐时期:蒋“捧”冯到郑州结盟

1927年之时,蒋介石和冯玉祥头上都顶着“总司令”的头衔,这是早期蒋冯电文多以蒋总司令、国民联军冯总司令开头的原因。

不同之处在于,蒋介石当时任国民革命军总司令,而冯玉祥是国民联军的总司令。

蒋介石的崛起同黄埔军校分不开。孙中山为建立革命武力,于1924年6月成立黄埔军官学校,任命蒋介石为校长。同年10月,军校学生平定广州商团事变,蒋介石的黄埔系开始崭露头角。1925年2月,蒋介石率军校教导团以及粤军第一次东征,连战皆捷;6月,蒋介石又讨平了杨希闵、刘震寰的叛乱,巩固了广东这块革命根据地的同时,也为自己后来出任国民革命军总司令打下了坚实的基础。

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