Artificial intelligence research is now progressing rapidly。 And this research can be discussed as short-term and long-term。 Some short-term concerns relate to autonomous vehicles， from civilian drones and self-driving cars。 For example， a self-driving car may， in an emergency， have to decide between a small risk of a major accident， and a large probability of a small accident。 Other concerns relate to lethal intelligent autonomous weapons。 Should they be banned。 If so， how should autonomy be precisely defined。 If not， how should culpability for any misuse or malfunction be apportioned。 Otherissues include privacy concerns， as AI becomes increasingly able to interpretlarge surveillance datasets， and how to best manage the economic impact of jobs displaced by AI。

现在，关于人工智能的研究正在迅速发展。这一研究可以从短期和长期来讨论。一些短期的担忧在无人驾驶方面，从民用无人机到自主驾驶汽车。比如说，在紧急情况下，一辆无人驾驶汽车不得不在小风险的大事故和大概率的小事故之间进行选择。另一个担忧在致命性智能自主武器。他们是否该被禁止？如果是，那么“自主”该如何精确定义。如果不是，任何使用不当和故障的过失应该如何问责。还有另外一些担忧，由人工智能逐渐可以解读大量监控数据引起的隐私和担忧，以及如何管理因人工智能取代工作岗位带来的经济影响。

Long-term concerns， comprise primarily of the potential loss of control of AI systems， via the rise of super-intelligences that do not act in accordance with human wishes， and that such powerful systems would threaten humanity。 Are such days topic outcomes possible。 If so， how might these situations arise。 What kind of investments in research should be made， to better understand and to address the possibility of the rise of a dangerous super-intelligence， or the occurrence of an intelligence explosion。

长期担忧主要是人工智能系统失控的潜在风险，随着不遵循人类意愿行事的超级智能的崛起，那个强大的系统威胁到人类。这样错位的结果是否有可能？如果是，这些情况是如何出现的？我们应该投入什么样的研究，以便更好的理解和解决危险的超级智能崛起的可能性，或智能爆发的出现？

Existing tools for harnessing AI， such as reinforcement learning， and simple utility functions， are inadequate to solve this。 Therefore more research is necessary to find and validate a robust solution to the control problem。