年画如何走进新年俗场景

2019-01-30 13:20:12    光明日报

1月28日,由文化和旅游部非物质文化遗产司、北京市文化和旅游局支持,恭王府博物馆、中国文化传媒集团主办的2019“年画重回春节”系列活动之传统年画精品展在北京开展。这些年画为首都人民的春节生活,增添了浓浓的年味儿。

过年贴年画,曾是中国人古老的习俗。不知从何时起,年画开始淡出国人的春节生活。在振兴中华优秀传统文化的时代背景下,“让年画重回春节”的呼声不断。

我们已进入21世纪,那些年复一年赋予年画以意蕴的社会生活场景已烟消云散,我们很难要求人们将大门改回过去的式样,也很难要求年轻人照老习俗过节,但我们能做的并不仅仅是将年画收进博物馆,还可以与时俱进,在新的生活场景中为年画找到用武之地。

在这方面,从“非遗研培计划”到“中国传统工艺振兴计划”,再到最近的“年画重回春节”活动,围绕年画传承创新,已陆续进行了一些探索和尝试。从对传承人进行培训到举办展览、开展跨界对话,从开发体验课程到研发新产品、拓展销售渠道,在“见人见物见生活”“用字引领”等新时代非遗保护理念的引领下,年画从业者、地方民众和各参与方,逐渐建立起年画重归生活的信心。

培养新一代接班人

经历了从计划经济到市场经济转轨的整个中国传统工艺行业,都面临着“接班人培养难”的问题,年画也不例外。最近,桃花坞木版年画国家级代表性传承人房达志先生离世,75岁的叶保芬先生也因病住院,但是桃花坞木版刻印却没有中断。桃花坞年画社2001年并入苏州工艺美术职业技术学院,仍为集体所有制企业。学院每年选派在校生进入年画社学习,迄今已学成21位,有6位留社工作,成为中坚力量,其余学生或进入桃花坞木刻年画博物馆,或成立自己的工作室。这是现代职业教育与非遗传承融合的成功案例,可供其他年画产区借鉴和参考。

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