翻译家带我们守望麦田,请给他们足够的尊重

2019-01-09 10:11:56    北京日报

原标题:翻译家带我们守望麦田,请给他们足够的尊重

翻译家、北京大学教授张玉书1月5日离世。即便在病逝前,他仍在努力翻译茨威格的《与妖魔搏斗》,为世人留下了一个翻译家最后的隽美剪影。

张玉书此生并不遗憾,因为他将自己的名字和茨威格、海涅、席勒等大家永远连在了一起。他翻译的《一个陌生女人的来信》已经成为经典,有读者感叹其翻译水平之高:“茨威格式的沁入心扉的思想冲击,最大限度呈现在张玉书先生的译本中。”

这样的评语是用他一生的艰辛换来的,张玉书在大一时拿着自己翻译的海涅的《抒情的插曲》,去请翻译家冯至先生指正,冯先生评价说:“流畅有余,含蓄不足。”此后,他一直以冯至的批评来警示自己,他说,要想翻译名篇佳作,不仅要不断学习德语,还要提高汉语。几十年来,张玉书始终不忘学习古文和名家著作,力争克服自己文风的松散平淡。

张玉书也从不孤独,他承继的是中国一代代翻译家孜孜以求的奉献精神。以翻译莎士比亚著称的朱生豪遭受战争炮火一次又一次的打击,尽管译稿被焚、流离失所,他却一直不曾放弃翻译事业。草婴放弃官职,也要以一己之力翻译列夫·托尔斯泰的全部小说作品,其译作《战争与和平》《复活》《安娜·卡列尼娜》影响了一代又一代中国读者。青年翻译家孙仲旭因饱受抑郁症折磨而英年早逝,却留下了《麦田里的守望者》等30多部译作,其生前发的最后一条微博竟然还是关于译作。

文学翻译目前可能是世界上性价比最低的职业。艾丽丝·门罗2013年获得诺贝尔文学奖,有人以为艾丽丝·门罗之作《逃离》的译者李文俊也跟着发达了,可李文俊说稿酬只拿了18000元,即便如此,他都觉得自己受抬举了。翻译家刘文飞也不止一次说过,翻译稿酬千字80元,一天劳动所得连小时工都不如。低稿酬的背后却是常年超负荷的劳作。李文俊曾耗时三年翻译福克纳的《押沙龙, 押沙龙!》,等翻译完了作品,他也彻底累垮,突发心梗,幸亏夫人和医生将他救了回来。

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