这九处艺术史中的美景名胜在现实中濒临毁灭

2019-03-07 11:37:46    Artsy官方

原标题:这九处艺术史中的美景名胜在现实中濒临毁灭

艺术史中那些曾被描绘在画布上、镌刻在石头中或是定格在胶片上和电影里的地点,在之后的岁月里都经历了沧海桑田。曾经风景如画的村庄上建起了现代化的都市;极端发达的农耕业把荒漠改造成了青翠的牧场,也让某些繁茂的丛林变成了干旱的荒原;矿采则把山顶削平,或切割出原本需要一个世纪才能自然形成的峡谷。

随着环境变化的速度持续加快、规模不断扩大,人类活动导致全球变暖进一步恶化,有愈来愈多曾出现在艺术作品中的美景在现实中濒临消亡。下面这九处著名的画中风景,在不久的将来会被不可逆转地改变。

加纳莱托的威尼斯即将沉入大西洋

这九处艺术史中的美景名胜在现实中濒临毁灭

加纳莱托 《从海关大楼看到的圣马可广场》,1740-1745。布雷拉画廊

科学界一致认为,按照当前海平面升高的速率,不到本世纪末威尼斯城就会被完全湮没。意大利那极其复杂且昂贵的防洪措施收效甚微,并且已经太迟。意大利画家加纳莱托(Canaletto,意为“little canal”,小运河)捕捉的威尼斯风景将会成为这座水上城市昔日原貌的重要历史纪录。二十二世纪威尼斯的命运,也许会和达米恩·赫斯特在2017年威尼斯双年展期间展出的沉船残骸雕塑奇异地吻合。

J.M.W·透纳的《冰海》如今已融化成海

这九处艺术史中的美景名胜在现实中濒临毁灭

J.M.W·透纳,《瑞士夏莫尼谷地的冰海》,1803。图片来自维基共享资源

阿尔卑斯的冰川融化不断加剧,以至于每年夏天,忧心的瑞士公民都会跑进山里用毯子包裹剩下的冰盖以防止继续融化。但这难以扭转乾坤:阿尔卑斯冰川面积正在以前所未有的速度萎缩,以至于曾经失踪的登山者遗体都浮出了水面。

为了三月即将开幕的透纳和约翰·拉斯金(John Ruskin)大展,约克艺术馆委任摄影师艾玛·斯迪本(Emma Stibbon)拍摄了两位艺术家在十九世纪来到阿尔卑斯所画的同一片冰原。摄影作品中的冰盖和透纳1803年所绘的《瑞士夏莫尼谷地的冰海》相比已经大量减少。

克里斯托和珍妮·克劳德的岛屿即将沉没

这九处艺术史中的美景名胜在现实中濒临毁灭

(左)克里斯托,《包围岛屿,迈阿密(签名版海报)》,1983。Kwiat Art(右)克里斯托,《包围岛屿,比斯坎湾项目,迈阿密,分成两部分的拼贴》,MSP Modern

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