诗词之中话元宵 重拾我们的文化记忆

2019-02-19 18:00:23    中国日报网

一轮玉盘圆,元宵节已至。各大商场和网店精心设计成富有元宵元素的模样,大幅促销的海报悬挂在显眼处,吸引人们前来消费;各大老字号推出各种口味的元宵,以飨人们的口腹之欲;各大元宵灯会也统统准备打造出视觉盛宴,供人们拍照打卡。在人们忙着为“感官”买单的趋势中,节日仿佛只是一个鲜明的符号,将人们置于一种集体的、不可抗拒的消费热潮之中,代我们书写时代的面目。元宵节对我们来说到底意味着什么?我无法代替这个时代给出答案。人们好不容易搭上现代的列车,却隐约在飞速前进的过程中丢失了一份归属感与情谊。

此时,回溯古时的元宵佳节似乎更能够帮助我们拾遗。

首先聊聊“元宵”一词。元,意为“一”,正月为农历一月;宵,意为夜。元宵则是每年的首个月圆之夜。这一节代表万物复苏,同时也是新年庆贺活动的延续。西汉司马迁创建《太初历》,将元宵节列为重大节日。

隋朝之后,元宵节有了“元夕”、“元夜”的说法;唐代又有“上元”之称,唐末偶称元宵。除了名称的更迭,元宵节的活动也在不断丰富和发展。从唐朝开始,观灯日益成为集体节庆的必备项目,而且灯的类型也逐渐多样化。从隋朝的九层灯轮,到唐朝的灯楼,再有元代的花灯树、明代的动物花灯和鳌山灯,这些都丰富着元宵节的内涵。逛灯市、观灯会便成为人们的娱乐方式和欢庆仪式。

诗词之中话元宵 重拾我们的文化记忆

明成化年间《宪宗元宵行乐图》(局部)。

隋炀帝曾在《元夕于通衢建灯夜升南楼》一诗中这样描绘宫内的元宵盛况:“法轮天上转,梵声天上来;灯树千光照,花焰七枝开。”皇帝于此佳节修行佛事、祈愿求佛,一派热闹非凡的场景。重重灯树映亮黑夜,烈烈焰火若花绽放,不亦美哉!“天半鳌山,光动凤楼两观。”“鳌山”是元宵灯景的一种,成千上万的彩灯堆叠成一座如“天半”般高的巨鳌灯,此景不只宫阙有,人间也能观几回。是夜,宫墙之外“锦里开芳宴,兰缸艳早年”,“游人多昼日,明月让灯光”,“灯树千光照,明月逐人来”。此时万人空巷,灯市亮如昼,竟连皎洁的月光都比下去。

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