腊月赶大集办年货

2019-02-02 16:55:21    北京日报

“腊月二十七,宰鸡赶大集”,这是早年间流传于北京的一句民谚。意为到了腊月二十七就要备置年货,准备过年了。这一天,家家户户除了要宰杀家禽,还要赶集上店、集中采购年货。与平日赶集不同的是,腊月二十七赶集主要是购买年节物品,例如:鞭炮、春联、门神、香烛、水果、牛羊肉和新鲜的蔬菜等。

所谓“大集”,就是农村的集市。京城周边的各县镇几乎天天有集,而且开集的日子都很固定,均以农历的日子为准。多是上午开集,午后就逐渐散集了。大集的场面很热闹,商品琳琅满目,特别是土特产品尤为丰富。而春节前,也就是腊月的集市,更加热闹,商品也更是繁多。在没有农贸市场和超市的年代,腊月赶集是京郊农民置办年货的主要途径,甚至连京城的人们也要到京郊赶集。

早年间京郊知名的大集有十几处。青云店大集位于大兴区,已有一百多年的历史,来此交易的人们不仅仅有京郊农村的,还有河北廊坊和天津等地的。尤其是天津过来的海货很受人们的青睐,不但新鲜而且价格也低于京城同类商品,所以吸引一些京城的富户远道而来。平谷华山大集是早年间京东一带最大的集市,始于清末,立市已有100多年,以当地的农副产品居多。由于具有得天独厚的地理优势,辐射面广,久盛不衰。 靠山集大集也在平谷,百年老集,始于清末,覆盖周边40多公里,当地及河北兴隆、天津蓟县的农民都到此赶集,自古便是华北商品集散地。在清代康熙年间,顺义杨镇与江西景德镇、河南朱仙镇等八镇齐名,被列为清代八大名镇。通州永乐店大集是京郊开集日子最多的集市,每月逢一、三、六、八开集。 房山长沟大集,素有“京南第一集”之称,也是北京地区历史最为悠久的集市,立市已有500多年,以房山长沟、十渡、大石窝的客商居多,也有来自河北易县、涞水的客商。房山官庄大集是京郊最热闹的集市,有来自河北的梆子剧团在集市上演出。张山营大集地处延庆西南部,是北京西北部的主要集市,以山货居多。

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