沈阳故宫推出“吉语迎春 清宫文物特展”迎接农历新年

2019-01-30 09:48:29    新华网

新华社沈阳1月28日电(赵洪南、金鑫)“吉语迎春 清宫文物特展”于农历新年来临之前在沈阳故宫开展。

本次展览遴选了50余件带有吉语纹饰的清宫文物,通过对福、寿、喜、大吉等纹饰的展示、解读,不仅可以欣赏到文物的细腻之美,也让观众了解到中华民族源远流长的文字历史。

展览中,清宫过万寿节时宴饮的复原场景吸引了记者注意:在一张填漆描金开光坐龙宴桌上,摆着银镀金寿字火碗、镀金寿字茶托、吉祥如意款银匙、福寿字银匙、黄地粉彩万寿无疆碗、黄地粉彩万寿无疆盘、金地蓝寿字纹杯,富有极浓的宫廷生活气息。

沈阳故宫博物馆相关负责人李声能说,清代最重要的庆典是顺治八年(1651年)确定的所谓三大节,元旦(春节)、冬至、万寿节(皇帝、太上皇、皇太后的生日为万寿节)。古人云:“寿居五福之先”;人们认为“寿”和“福”一样,都是吉祥符号。千百年来,寿与福、禄、喜并列使用,成为美满、吉祥的象征。

此次展出的雍正五十大寿时的贺寿御礼矾红白蝠寿纹大盘器形巨大,盘内壁施白釉,中心绘矾红团寿纹及九只蝙蝠纹;外壁施珊瑚红彩,颜色亮丽,留白处装饰三十二只蝙蝠飞翔其上,因蝠与“福”谐音,寓意“福寿”“长寿”。

中国人素有的“喜”字情结使得人们用它代表整个人生中所有的吉祥与快乐。同治十一年(1872)皇帝大婚,御窑厂奉旨烧造了大量带有“喜”字的瓷器,主要包括餐具和日用器物。此次展出了这批瓷器中的红地喜字大碗和红地喜字盘,配色艳丽华贵,突出了浓烈的“喜庆”主题。

李声能说,古代时“吉”和“祥”分开使用,但又常常相伴而行,祈求吉利、吉福是人们对未来美好生活的追求与向往,具有理想主义色彩。传统文化中的吉祥图案内涵丰富,经千百年传承与发展派生出大量的固定词语,有二字的,如万寿:有四字的,如寿山福海、万寿无疆、长宜子孙、百子呈祥、福寿康宁等。这些词语读起来朗朗上口,寓意美好,是中国传统文化的特色之一。

沈阳故宫推出“吉语迎春 清宫文物特展”迎接农历新年

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