八百多文物还原清宫年俗:看紫禁城里如何过大年

2019-01-09 14:00:08    澎湃新闻网

“敦亲睦族”:皇帝的家宴

过年是阖家团圆的日子。团圆饭更必不可少。“敦亲睦族”单元展示了元旦这天皇帝与宗亲、后妃分别宴饮的场景。展览以复原陈列的方式,呈现了宗亲宴上的金龙大宴桌与宗亲宴桌。宴桌摆放参照了乾隆四十八年(1783)膳档的记载,动用文物超过100件。

清宫新年的第一餐也要吃饺子,满族把所有面食都叫饽饽,把水饺称为“煮饽饽。乾隆四十八年(1783)正月初一寅时,皇帝在乾清宫东侧的弘德殿吃饺子。太监用雕漆飞龙宴盒送来一盘煮饽饽,并将饽饽盘放在大吉宝案的“吉”字上。共送饽饽四个,其中两个包着“通宝”(钱币),吃到有通宝的饺子就表示一年吉利。皇帝吃了三个,剩下一个没有通宝,送到佛堂上供。

剔彩漆大吉宝案

宫中除夕有守岁的习俗,皇帝后妃们在除夕夜守岁,各宫要摆放吉祥盘、消夜果盒。吉祥盘内摆放五个青苹果、红枣、栗子、磨盘柿子,谐音“清平五福、早早立子、事事如意”。

清康熙年间五彩花蝶纹攒盘

古代,皇帝一举一动无不牵涉国政。过年期间虽有封印仪式,以示休息,仍不免于政务。“勤政亲贤”单元重点还原了明窗开笔的场景,将养心殿东暖阁明窗在展厅搭建了出来。《国家宝藏》第二季中的明星文物——金瓯永固杯原件就放置于此处。

明窗开笔是皇帝新年举行的第一次书写仪式。皇帝用万年青笔书写吉语笺,为天下苍生祈福许愿。吉语笺写毕,封存于黄匣中,任何人不能开启。直到今天,人们才有幸看到它们的真容。

复原的“明窗开笔”场景

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