台北故宫“古画动漫”讲述明代皇帝骑马出京与坐船还宫

2019-01-02 10:52:52    澎湃新闻网

说起巨幅历史画作,最为人熟知的是北京故宫所藏宋代张择端的《清明上河图》,而在台北故宫博物院藏有两卷《明人画出警入跸图》,却鲜有人了解。”澎湃新闻·古代艺术“获悉,所谓《明人画出警入跸图》包括长26米《出警图》和超过30米《入跸图》,人物众多,场面宏伟,是历代绘画作品中少见的超级巨作。从2018年底起至2019年3月底,台北故宫博物院以《明人画出警入跸图》以“古画动漫”的形式,讲述明代皇帝骑马出京,坐船还宫的景象。

《明人画入跸图》(局部)

《出警入跸图》是描绘明朝皇帝出京谒陵盛况的宫廷画卷。画面中皇帝在宫廷侍卫的护送下,骑马出京,声势浩大地来到京郊的十三陵拜先祖,然后再坐船返回北京的情景。皇帝一出一入,相互呼应,气势壮观,栩栩如生。虽未署名。但可以确定是许多宫廷画师的合力创作。画中只有皇帝一个正面形象,其余只是侧面形象,皇帝乘船归来的样子也是生动传神。

《明人画出警图》(局部)

史书记载,明十七帝共有三人曾经拜谒过祖宗陵寝,分别是明宣宗朱瞻基、明世宗朱厚熜和明神宗朱翊钧。经专家从画作的特点以及个别地理位置判断,此画中的皇帝,正是明神宗朱翊钧。明神宗是一个在历史上争论颇多的皇帝,但从画作中还是能看出,当时的大明王朝国力之盛。

文武百官在西直门桥恭迎,而西直门桥,也成为判定《出警入跸图》的皇帝是万历的主要原因。根据《万历起居注》记载,万历皇帝到西郊谒陵时乘马而去,坐船从水路而归,这正好与《出警入跸图》的描绘相符。《起居注》还记载万历皇帝归来时文武百官都在西直门桥欢迎皇帝而《出警入跸图》的结尾处所绘制的也是西直门桥,由此可见《出警入跸图》描绘的确实是明神宗万历皇帝。

《明人画出警图》(局部)

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