《甄嬛传》里安陵容的这项绝技 在清代曾被定位国俗

2018-12-29 10:52:04    中国文化报

原标题:清代宫廷的运动范儿

看过电影《老炮儿》的观众都会对影片开头一个镜头记忆颇深,那就是寒冬的北京城,冰封的什刹海冰面上,冯小刚饰演的老炮儿六爷脚蹬冰鞋,动作娴熟地在后海的冰面上滑来滑去。冯小刚在什刹海冰上的这一个电影桥段,无形中把北京的一项古老的冬季运动展现在了广大观众面前,这就是具有浓厚的历史文化和广泛群众基础的“滑冰”。

清代宫廷的运动范儿

历史上,滑冰这项体育运动在我国北方大地上源远流长,当清代统治者定都北京后,更是把滑冰运动提升到了国家级别的高度,定为“国俗”,把滑冰这项活动称为“冰嬉”,到了乾隆时期冰嬉运动达到了顶峰。

每到天寒地冻水成冰的严冬时节,结冰的水面上成了欢乐的海洋。清代皇家集结人马,聚在西苑的太液池,进行着一场声势浩大的皇家冰嬉体育活动,其规模之大,前无类例。从八旗里挑选善于滑冰的选手,配发相应的装备,每个旗出200个人,组成滑冰队伍,参加冰嬉的人员至少在1600名以上。当时的冰嬉活动主要在西苑太液池(今北京北海)举行,有时也在中海举行。

清代宫廷的运动范儿

开始表演的第一个节目叫“抢等”,即现代所谓的速度滑冰。其比赛规则是在离皇上冰上御座二三里外的地方,竖一个大旗,这个大旗就是滑冰的起点,终点则是皇帝在冰上御座的地点。官兵们排成一列准备就绪后,在大旗边上一声发令炮响,参赛的选手们脚蹬冰鞋,飞速出发,向着皇帝御座的终点急滑而去,事先有侍卫在冰床前,将选手们一一拉住。这是一项极具观赏性的速度滑冰运动,然后根据名次高低对参与滑冰的八旗官兵进行奖励。

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