老北京冬日美食之“糖葫芦好看,它竹签儿穿”

2018-12-27 15:07:24   北京日报 

原标题:“糖葫芦好看,它竹签儿穿”

(文/户力平)“糖葫芦好看,它竹签儿穿”,冰糖葫芦与糖炒栗子、烤白薯,被视为老北京冬日里最具风味的三种时令小吃。

北京的冰糖葫芦盛行于清代及民国时期,曾有“竹枝词”言道:“雪晴满路是泥塘,车畔呼儿走不忙;三尺动摇风欲行,葫芦一串蘸冰糖。”冰糖葫芦酸甜适口,具有开胃功效,老少皆宜。它不仅好吃,而且十分好看,红彤彤的山楂果按大小排列穿在竹签子上,外面裹着晶莹透明的糖稀,一串串插在稻草架子上,好似一棵结满硕果的小树,甚是诱人。

冰糖葫芦在清代及民国时期的京城最为兴盛,清末民初富察敦崇《燕京岁时记》中便有冰糖葫芦的记载:“山楂种二,京产者小而甜,外来者大而酸,可以捣糕,可糖食。又有蜜饯,质似山楂,而香美过之。”“冰糖葫芦,乃用竹签,贯以山里红、海棠果、葡萄、麻山药、核桃仁、豆沙等,蘸以冰糖,甜脆而凉。茶楼、戏院、大街小巷到处可见。”民国时陈莲痕所著《京华春梦录》则称:“岁朝之游,向集厂甸。”“迫兴阑游倦,买步偕返,则必购相生纸花,乃大串糖葫芦,插于车旁,疾驶过市,途人见之,成知为厂甸游归也。”由此可见,冰糖葫芦曾是老北京入岁时逛厂甸的标志。

早年间立冬后大街小巷卖冰糖葫芦的就逐渐多了起来,其档次和销售方式各不相同。食品店、茶点部或戏院多将冰糖葫芦摆在玻璃罩的白瓷盘里,制作精致,品种众多。而走街串巷的小贩,挑着担子或挎着木提盒、竹篮走街串巷吆喝:“哎!冰糖葫芦哟,新蘸的!”还有的扛着一根用稻草绑着的木头杆子,稻草上插满了冰糖葫芦,沿街叫卖,最吸引胡同里的孩子们。

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