大红灯笼门前挂 温暖光明这一年

2019-01-09 15:40:15    中华网文化

中国的灯笼统称为灯彩,据史料记载,最早起源于西汉时期,每年春节时候,人们都挂起象征团圆和喜庆意义的红灯笼,营造出一种浓浓的年节氛围,自此,灯笼就成了中国人喜庆祥和的象征。

大红灯笼门前挂 温暖光明这一年

灯笼与年节

灯笼与中国人的生活息息相关,在民间,在宫廷,在庙观,处处都有灯笼。关于灯笼的由来,众说纷纭。归纳起来,主要有三种说法:

(一)东汉说。挂灯笼习俗始于东汉时期,这是流传较广的一种说法。佛教有正月十五僧人观佛舍利、点灯敬佛的做法,东汉明帝刘庄提倡佛教,命令皇宫和寺庙里点灯敬佛,也命令士族庶民都挂灯笼。此后,就由宫廷流传到民间,由中原发展到全国各地。这种佛教礼仪逐渐形成民间盛大节日挂灯笼的习俗。

(二)神鸟说。一种有趣的说法。传说在很久以前,有一只神鸟因迷路而降落人间,却被不知情的猎人给射死了。天帝知道后十分震怒,传旨下令,让天兵到民间放火,把百姓房屋统统烧光。天帝的女儿心地善良,不忍心看百姓无辜受难,就偷偷来到人间,把这个消息告诉人们。一个聪明人想出个法子,他让大家在春节期间张灯结彩,燃放鞭炮。这样一来,天帝就会以为天兵已经放过火了。到了除夕夜,天帝往下一看,发觉人间一片红火,响声震天,夜夜如此,以为是天兵到人间燃烧的火焰而作罢。为了纪念天帝女儿,从此每到春节家家户户都挂红灯笼,燃放鞭炮,以示感激庆贺。

大红灯笼门前挂 温暖光明这一年

(三)进贡说。清代雍正年间,河北有一个老汉,此人心灵手巧,酷爱民间工艺,他做灯笼的手艺很有一套。每到年节,他都要做几对夺人眼球的灯笼挂在自家门前,为春节增添祥和喜庆的气氛,吸引了众多街坊邻居围观欣赏。有一年老汉做了几对灯笼到集市上卖,恰巧被散心的县太爷看见了,便把他所有灯笼都买下,挂在府邸整日观赏。这些灯笼做工别致,富丽堂皇,县太爷视为珍品,爱不释手。又到一年进贡时,县太爷正苦思冥想送点什么物品来取悦皇上,有人指点他不妨送几对灯笼试试。县太爷虽有点舍不得,但为讨好皇上只得忍痛割爱。果然,皇上一眼看中,龙颜大悦,重重赏赐县太爷,并把灯笼定为贡品。后来,皇宫内外到处挂上大红灯笼。因为“贡”与“宫”谐音,后来把“贡”字换作“宫”,便有了 “宫灯“。

大红灯笼门前挂 温暖光明这一年

有赖于中国历代能工巧匠的聪明智慧,中国的灯彩综合了绘画、剪纸、纸扎、刺缝等多项工艺,且汇聚各个地区出产的竹、木、藤、麦秆、兽角、金属、绫绢等各种材料,逐渐形成了丰富多彩的灯笼品种,从造型上分,有人物、山水、花鸟、龙凤、鱼虫等。从种类上看,有宫灯、纱灯、吊灯等,其中,尤以以宫灯和纱灯最为著名。

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