杨家埠木版年画的前世今生

2019-01-08 17:03:06    新华网

潍坊杨家埠木版年画,兴于明初,盛于清代的乾嘉年间,迄今已有600多年的历史了。杨家埠属山东省潍坊市寒亭区寒亭街道办事处辖区内的一个村,杨家埠木版年画就诞生在这个村子里。

【最年味】杨家埠木版年画的前世今生

《四季花》

杨家埠年画的起源,还要从明洪武年间,即公元1368—1398年间说起。由于杨家埠杨氏老谱早在明末已经失传,道光年间所修的家谱里说杨氏先祖于明洪武二年由四川省梓潼县迁来居于杨家埠以东的下店村,其后长支留原地,二支迁去了昌邑市杨家楼,三支迁去了平度市杨家圈。杨家埠人由川迁鲁之前,在宋代四川的梓潼县,杨氏先人就从事佛经雕刻,这样就有了现在的杨家埠木版年画。

【最年味】杨家埠木版年画的前世今生

国家级传承人杨洛书在刻板

同时也由于受明初政治以及儒家思想高扬的影响,杨家埠木版年画应运而生。从现存的资料来看,如《二月二龙抬头》、《民子山》等作品符合于明王朝政治需要的东西。还有些作品尚未完全脱离佛经雕刻的痕迹,如《天地全神》上端则干脆刻上了婆罗密心经。这说明当时的雕刻艺术为各种各样的祭祀活动服务,为明王朝初创时的政治服务,这就是潍坊杨家埠年画创始阶段的两大题材。

明隆庆二年,即公元1568年以后,在下店历经近二百年的风雨沧桑,因为浞河水泛滥,画业受损严重,杨氏先人被迫迁到了现在杨家埠村。初迁西杨家埠时创立的画店有恒顺、同顺堂、万增城、天和永四家。然而好景不长,杨家埠又经历了明末大动乱。据史料所载从1369年到1489年近于颗粒无收的自然灾害,大致就有近二十次,有的甚至导致一些人背井离乡。而明末的战乱更是杨家埠年画受到了毁灭性的灾害。

【最年味】杨家埠木版年画的前世今生

老艺人在印制年画

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