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故宫文物修复师是怎样的一群人?

2016-01-21 09:05:58   东方早报 黄小河

■ 纪录片《我在故宫修文物》播出 导演叶君探讨现代人与故宫的关系

三集纪录片《我在故宫修文物》。

屏风修复细节。

故宫的修复师中,有很多是年轻人。

前不久央视播出的纪录片《我在故宫修文物》难得地引起了很多年轻人的兴趣。片子按修复门类分了3集,第1集讲述青铜器、宫廷钟表和陶瓷的修复故事,第2集是木器、漆器、百宝镶嵌、织绣的修复故事,第3集为书画的修复、临摹和摹印。

今年赶上了故宫建博物院90年,5年前搁置的纪录片《我在故宫修文物》项目重启,导演叶君成功引起了很多年轻人对文物修复的兴趣。

如果5年前没有监制徐欢、制片人雷建军四处奔走立项筹划、做田野调查,编写了10万字的调查报告,出品人萧寒的跑前跑后,叶君表示,自己很难把这事儿做成。徐欢、雷建军不拿一分钱制作费,这让叶君特别佩服,“他们真的热爱这个行业,想把这事做成,给后继者创造机会。”

没有以往此类题材的严肃,虽然面对的是灰头土脸的文物,故宫里却是一片生机勃勃。

看后观众发现,原来这些“文物医生”并不是年老色衰,竟和他们一样是“高颜值的七八九零后”。

不仅如此,他们天天看国宝、摸国宝,尤其让人“流口水”的是,文保组“朝九晚五”的工作制:五点必须下班!严格禁止加班!(因为修文物不能出错,所以好的精神状态最重要)

这么和谐and励志的工作环境,让很多年轻人心里长了草,现在改行去应聘还来得及不?

倒也别想得那么简单。因为修复过程要接触到很多对人体有害的物品,比如生漆、染料,很多文物也因年代久远而满是灰尘细菌,戴口罩防护勤洗手还是必需的。(能接受吗?)

现在修复组更加科技化了,瓷器组配上了谷歌眼镜;青铜组将3D打印用于修复的研究。(太能接受了!)

在大多数老百姓眼中,“修复”应该是把东西修得和以前一样,至少差不多一样。但老师傅却说:“商业修复讲究看不出来,但博物馆修复是你隔远了,比如四五米开外看不出来,但是近看又能看出哪儿修复过。”

在很多名画的背后,都可以看到历任修复者修复时用的小纸条,密密麻麻,而好的师傅也能看出上一任修复者的修复手艺,甚至从中了解前任修复者的性格。

叶君说:“尺寸拿捏,是最难的,不管是修复,还是日常和人相处。”

第一集旁白里说道,“这是古代中国士农工商唯一传承有序延续至今的工种”,文保组现在仍然沿袭着“师徒制”。

修复工作区大多数设置在故宫那些尚未开放的区域,比如曾经的冷宫——西三所。

老师傅眼尖,光看手上沾了什么就知道对方是来自哪个部门的,青铜组的手上沾锈,陶瓷组的手上沾颜料。

师傅们工作时严谨却不失风趣,木器组的老师傅边干活边和徒弟说:“以前的活儿为什么干得漂亮?因为干不好要被砍头啊,我们现在挺好,至少院长不会砍我们的头。”

书画组组长指着《崇庆皇太后八旬万寿图》里一个人物说:“你看,这个人多像赵本山!”每次修复完,他还会拿起吉他唱两首。

隋代展子虔的《游春图》、宋代张择端的《清明上河图》、唐代三彩马、乾隆皇帝用过的黄花梨百宝嵌顶箱柜、《番人进宝图》在这些人的手中,焕发了往日的光彩夺目。

只讲一群人在坚守一个日渐微弱的手艺,叶君认为这样调调的片子已经太多了,他的一个同学在朋友圈点评说,这是目前唯一一部探讨现代人与故宫关系的片子,叶君说,“可能他看片量还没那么多吧,但是探讨现代人与故宫关系这点说对了。”

责任编辑:刘畅 CC002
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