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皇家园子里的北京老字号

2016-04-30 09:51:40   千龙网综合

对于1930年代的北平知识分子来说,“来今雨轩”是一个非常熟悉而亲切的公共交往空间,其重要性一点也不亚于“太太的客厅”、“慈慧殿三号”。那时的北平能够出现鲁迅、朱光潜、曹禺、林徽因、萧乾……曾经的来今雨轩就是矗立在历史深处的无言见证。

1921年1月文学研究会在北京中央公园来今雨轩举行成立大会时的合影。

有学者从1976年人民出版社出版的《鲁迅日记》中摘出了和公园有关的内容,记录显示从1915年到1929年,鲁迅先生至少来了80次。

这其中,《鲁迅日记》1924年4月13日就记载着:“星期休息,上午至中山公园四宜轩,遇玄同,遂茗谈至晚归。”鲁迅在“来今雨轩”自上午一直坐到晚上,两顿饭自然都是在这里吃的。一般都是包子、汤面最方便。

冬菜包子

而这包子,不是一般的包子,来今雨轩的冬菜包子算是当年独一家的首创,这受欢迎的程度早已搬上了荧幕,电视剧《大宅门》中就有一幕“白七爷”张罗着到来今雨轩买冬菜包子吃。吃过它的人这样形容:非常有特点肉馅吃起来很有弹性,极其鲜嫩,香而不腻。面皮略带甜味,松软雪白,很有咬头,而且个头特别大,价格也不贵。

除此以外,蔡锷成功从这里出逃以及和小凤仙在此饮茶的典故也让来今雨轩声名大噪。据说,蔡锷和小凤仙假装到中央公园游玩,游玩了一会便来到来今雨轩饮茶。后来他们发现跟踪的密探打扮成游人的样子跟在后边,他们坐下来,密探也在不远的桌旁落座监视。于是蔡锷心生一计,他将衣物都留在座位上,还故意露出口袋里的一袋银元,起身假装去厕所。密探一看,料想他不会走远,便在座位上喝起了茶。谁知蔡锷直奔府右街曾鲲化家,男扮女装,直坐上开往天津的火车安全离开。

听鹂馆——慈禧老佛爷的私人厨房

听鹂馆的关键人物是前清太后慈禧。

新中国成立后,原来仅供皇家欣赏音乐和宴饮娱乐的听鹂馆被辟为餐厅,专门研制宫廷风味肴馔,所参照的食谱是以当年专供慈禧在颐和园寿膳房膳单为基础,经过挖掘整理而研发出的宫廷风味肴馔。

在各种菜式之中以“活吃昆明湖大鲤鱼”为最绝。一条鲜活的鲤鱼,经过刮鳞、开肚、洗净、改刀、油炸、烧汁等多种工序之后端上桌时,两腮仍不停张合,口作吞吐状,等吃完剩下鱼骨架,仍可见鱼嘴在微动。

不仅如此,听鹂馆匾额也是光绪年间慈禧太后亲自题写的。

慈禧太后所书“听鹂轩”匾额

有资料记载,颐和园内的德和园建成三层大戏楼后,慈禧等人就经常在德和园的颐乐殿里看戏,听鹂馆的小戏楼只举办一些小型戏曲演出,同时发挥着膳房的作用。1901-1904年,慈禧每年都在颐和园举行盛大的生日庆典,一应饮食由颐和园御膳房承办。据《上驷杂志》记载,颐和园内为慈禧太后做饮食的“寿膳房”大小共八个院落,厨师(太监)一百二十多名。每逢她在园中做寿,都要大设宴席,宴请王公大臣、公主命妇,“日费千万两,歌舞无休日”。

慈禧太后在颐和园

1949年3月25日毛泽东从西柏坡进北京在颐和园益寿堂的第一餐饭就是由听鹂馆制作送至益寿堂的。此后,听鹂馆被定为专门接待中央首长和外国贵宾的场所,先后接待过国家领导人以及英国伊丽莎白女王、美国前国务卿基辛格、舒尔茨等多位国家元首和高层领导人。目前仍对游客开放。

随着时间的推移,这三家老菜馆被赋予的历史使也不尽相同,但毋庸置疑的是,这些栖身于北京各大公园的老字号餐饮,早已与公园融为一体,藏着几代北京人深深的舌尖记忆。……

责任编辑:巢晶(QN0034)

责任编辑:刘畅 CC002
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