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“冷”汉子陈忠实的关中秘史

2016-05-09 09:17:52   北京晚报

2007年11月9日,北京人民艺术剧院在首都剧场演出话剧《白鹿原》。话剧《白鹿原》改编自陈忠实同名小说,由濮存昕、宋丹丹、郭达等与特邀的陕西农民演员同台演出。

张玉瑶

2000年春节过后,快六十岁的陈忠实背着20多袋无烟煤和吃食,回到了位于白鹿原下的祖屋,住了两年,专心致志地写作。祖屋已空寂近十年,当他第二天清晨在熟悉的斑鸠叫声中醒来时,一时竟“泪眼模糊”。抚慰他的,依然是从儿时起就熟悉的白鹿原的风景:

“桃花开了,原坡上和河川里,这儿那儿浮起一片一片粉红的似乎流动的云。杏花接着开了,那儿这儿又变幻出似走似住的粉白的云。泡桐花开了,无论大村小庄都被骤然爆出的紫红的花帐笼罩起来了。洋槐花开的时候,首先闻到的是一种令人总也忍不住深呼吸的香味,然后惊异庄前屋后和坡坎上已经敷了一层白雪似的脂粉。小麦扬花时节,原坡和河川铺天盖地的青葱葱的麦子,把来自土地最诱人的香味,释放到整个乡村的田野和村庄,灌进庄稼院的围墙和窗户。”

写起关中平原的花花朵朵来,这个貌似粗犷的关中汉子竟如此温柔细心,其轻盈与悦意,让人想起《白鹿原》中那段关于白鹿的传说:

“很古很古的时候(传说似乎都不注重年代的准确性),这原上出现过一只白色的鹿,白毛白腿白蹄,那鹿角更是晶莹剔透的白。白鹿蹦蹦跳跳像跑着又像飘着从东原向西原跑去,倏忽之间就消失了。庄稼汉们猛然发现白鹿飘过以后麦苗忽地蹿高了,黄不拉几的弱苗子变成黑油油的绿苗子,整个原上和河川里全是一色绿的麦苗……”

这是白鹿原名字的来历。和“仁义白鹿村”里白家、鹿家后代在中国大历史的背景下争夺宗族统治权的纠葛故事相比,这个“白鹿精灵”的意象显得太空灵甚至有些孱弱,但陈忠实却需要这么一个土地的意象来作为比兴,作为寄托,作为升华,作为他自己与关中土地的维系。这只神性的白鹿在原上也在他的头脑中一跃而过,在“民族的秘史”背后,留下一种特殊的泥土情感。

在中国这个有着漫长农业史的国家里,有一种作家,其几乎全部的创作灵性与灵感都来源于滋养自身的土地,学者赵园称之为“地之子”。陈忠实当属其中之一,且从内到外。

一战成名 当初却不敢写长篇

《当代》杂志的退休编辑汪兆骞还记得他上世纪80年代初在编辑部初次见到陈忠实的样子。令他印象深刻的是陈忠实那张“如黄土高原有着纵横交错沟壑”的脸,仿佛是一个地道关中农民的脸。

责任编辑:刘畅 CC002
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