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英国“光荣孤立” 莎翁早有预言

2016-11-14 15:58:00   

◎张冲

写完大悲剧的莎士比亚奔五而去,情绪上的喧嚣激越逐渐让步于宽容豁达,对生命中的跌宕起伏也已看惯平常,于是,剧风为之一变,写起了被称为“传奇剧”或“悲喜剧”的作品。之所以叫“悲喜剧”,因此类戏剧多以悲情开场,或兄弟反目,或妻离子散,或家破人亡,然剧中人物尽历苦难初心不改,终得破镜重圆、花好如初,以欢喜收场;而“传奇”之谓,则因剧本多源于传说,情节奇曲莫测,百转千回。在这方面,《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》和《辛白林》两剧可算典范。有意思的是,此两剧的首位中译者朱生豪先生,将其标题分别译为《沉珠记》与《还璧记》,大概就是因为前者写妻女失而复得,后者写儿子失而复得吧。

不少学者诟病《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》堆砌离奇,悲喜转折中人为痕迹太重,但这出戏在舞台上演起来,应该还是受欢迎的。泰尔亲王因猜出安提奥克国王不可告人的罪恶而不得不弃城出逃,暂避追杀。他途经塔索斯,慷慨拯救一城之民于饥馑之危,在潘塔波利斯,凭武艺赢得总督好感,娶了其女儿塔伊莎。在得知安提奥克已死、民众强烈希望他回去的消息后,他携有孕在身的妻子再次启航回国,不料,大船在海上遭遇风暴,塔伊莎产下女婴后“死去”,他将女婴寄养在塔索斯总督克雷翁家中,只身回国主政。十几年后,他再次前往接女儿回国,却目睹了“已故”女儿的纪念碑!丧妻失女的泰尔亲王从此陷入深度抑郁,终日一言不出。不过事实上,出落标致的女儿被克雷翁夫妇嫉妒,派人将其骗至荒野要取她性命,恰遇盗匪,被抢去卖入青楼,但坚守贞洁,以抚琴卖唱女红为生;而此前被认为死去而装进棺木抛进大海的塔伊莎,也被人救起后获得悉心照料,在神庙里做守护。最终,上天为母女的坚忍所动,以一连串的巧合,令父女重逢,使夫妻团圆。在舞台上,父女相认这一场戏是绝对的催泪弹:重度抑郁、多时不开口的泰尔亲王在玛丽娜仙乐般的琴声里意识逐渐清醒,再次开口说话,并通过一连串的家世问答,终于明白眼前这位亭亭玉立的姑娘,正是他以为已然死去而使他心碎心死的女儿。看到这里,谁还会责怪莎士比亚故弄玄虚。

《辛白林》的情节同样令人匪夷所思。古英格兰国王辛白林已故的妻子为他留下一女两男,但年方三岁的长子和尚在襁褓的次子却神秘消失了,女儿伊摩琴则忍受着继母的嫉妒和阴毒,到了待嫁之年,她未经禀告父母便嫁给了自己心仪的波斯修谟。辛白林大怒,将后者逐出国去,流落到罗马。在那里,波斯修谟交友甚众,但依然心系伊摩琴,并向朋友夸口说自己虽远离家中,妻子绝不会有悖理之举。朋友中好事者与之打赌,前往英国,设计趁夜潜入伊摩琴卧室,记下房间及人体上诸多细节,返回罗马后赢了赌注。震怒之下,波斯修谟密信属下将妻子骗至荒野处死,而男生装扮的伊摩琴在逃亡路上竟走进了失散多年的两个弟弟藏身的洞穴而浑然不知。结果,又是一连串的意外和巧合,最终自然是坏人受到惩罚,好人该重逢的重逢,该宽恕的宽恕,该奖赏的奖赏。真是天网恢恢,疏而不漏,天心如鉴,赏罚分明。

责任编辑:刘畅 CC002
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