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巴拿马文件曝光 美国重审莫迪里亚尼画作所有权

2016-04-21 09:09:52   艺术国际

今年4月,国际调查记者同盟(ICIJ)公佈巴拿马莫萨克·冯赛卡(Mossack Fonseca)律师事务所的机密文件,内容涉及该事务所协助全球权贵成立空头公司,进行逃漏税、洗钱等非法事宜,引发人们热议。而“巴拿马文件”的风暴也袭卷艺术界,有美国艺术交易商被指利用空头公司,买下曾被纳粹掠夺的画作《持拐杖的男人》(Seated Man With a Cane)。

迪里亚尼(Amedeo Modigliani)《持拐杖的男人》

《持拐杖的男人》是义大利艺术家莫迪里亚尼(Amedeo Modigliani)的作品,画中一位身穿西装的男子,手裡拿着拐杖,安静、优雅地坐在椅子上,眼神流露淡淡的哀伤。但画中人物的真实身分始终成谜,直到今年法国艺术史学家马可‧赫斯德里尼(Marc Restellini)才指出,西装男子很可能是法国巧克力商人梅尼尔(Georges Menier)。

除了画中人物真实身分成谜外,这幅画的所有权争议不断。有人认为属于法国藏家罗杰·杜提乐(Roger Dutilleul),但也有人说画作归法国犹太裔收藏家史德泰能(Oscar Stettiner)所有,在二战期间遭到纳粹掠夺。

画中男子很可能是法国巧克力商人梅尼尔(Georges Menier)

但随着“巴拿马文件”曝光,美国纳哈迈德家族(Nahmad Family)被指控利用空头公司“国际艺术中心”(IAC)买下《持拐杖的男人》,这让犹太裔收藏家史德泰能的孙子梅史特拉齐(Philippe Maestracci)燃起一线希望,他向美国法院提出控诉,试图追讨回画作所有权。由于“国际艺术中心”是在巴拿马註册的公司,美国法院过去无权审理相关案件。

巴拿马文件已证明,纳哈迈德家族曾透过空头公司买画

美国纳哈迈德家族能买下所有权有争议的画作与佳士得的判断有关。1996年,佳士得认为《持拐杖的男人》归罗杰·杜提乐所有,让画作在伦敦拍卖会公开亮相。随后,纳哈迈德家族透过巴拿马“国际艺术中心”的名义,以320万美金(约1.0349亿台币)买下这幅肖像画。

纳哈迈德家族(Nahmad Family)领导人David Nahmad

虽然佳士得判定《持拐杖的男人》曾被罗杰·杜提乐收藏,但苏富比可不这么想。2008年,巴拿马“国际艺术中心”将这幅画作送拍到纽约苏富比拍卖会时,苏富比认为这幅画作的来历“可能归罗杰·杜提乐,也可能是史德泰能所有”,最后画作未能顺利拍出。

法国犹太裔收藏家史德泰能(Oscar Stettiner)

史德泰能的孙子梅史特拉齐也认同苏富比的观点。他宣称,他的祖父曾收藏过《持拐杖的男人》,但在纳粹佔领法国期间,祖父逃离法国,画作于1941年被纳粹掠夺,从此下落不明。

虽然《持拐杖的男人》在1996年与2008年两度公开亮相,但由于“国际艺术中心”是在巴拿马註册的公司,梅史特拉齐无法在美国提出控诉、追讨回画作。直到2011年,梅史特拉齐怀疑巴拿马“国际艺术中心”背后金主很可能是纳哈迈德家族,才正式提出控诉。

不过,纳哈迈德家族否认拥有《持拐杖的男人》,梅史特拉齐也找不到明确证据指出纳哈迈德家族与巴拿马“国际艺术中心”有关,再加上美国法院无法审理国外案例,梅史特拉齐只好撤销告诉。《持拐杖的男人》的所有权归属便没有下文。

但今年“巴拿马文件”的机密内容曝光后,再次为梅史特拉齐带来一线希望。据国际调查记者同盟的调查,纳哈迈德家族掌管巴拿马“国际艺术中心”长达20年之久,家族的领导者David Nahmad直到2014年1月都是这家公司的负责人。

也因此,美国法院决定重新审理这起案件,希望能釐清画作所有权。而针对画作所有权争议,纳哈迈德家族的律师戈卢布(Richard Golub)表示,谁拥有国际艺术中心是无关紧要的事情,重要的是塬告能不能证明画作曾经属于史德泰能。

责任编辑:刘畅 CC002
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