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为什么艺术青年爱曾经臭名远扬的巴黎?

2016-03-08 09:27:09   新周刊 文/邓娟

令人遗憾的是,这段妙趣横生的友谊在两人先后回到美国后,逐渐疏远、交恶。“迷惘一代”的巴黎聚会风流云散,念想却从此至死不渝,生命的最后一年海明威完成了《流动的盛宴》,他写道:“假如你有幸年轻时在巴黎生活过,那么你此后一生中无论去到哪里她都与你同在,因为巴黎是个流动的盛宴。”

“我们总会回到那里,不管我们是什么人,她怎么变,也不管你到达那儿有多困难或者多容易。巴黎永远是值得你去的,不管你带给了她什么,你总会得到回报。”

昨日世界已逝去,艺术的巴黎却永远焕发青春。

昨日的世界已逝去,二战后美国终成超级霸主,经济基础决定上层建筑,世界艺术中心移至纽约。但这不意味着巴黎的艺术光彩就此黯淡——它的风雅、浪漫、热忱、自在,还没有更好的城市可以完全取代。

这种特质有着深厚的历史文化积淀。张佳玮曾有表述:“法国人定艺术相关法律,出了名地喜欢保护艺术家,他们自己也引以为傲,觉得在法国,原作者权益比天还高——相比起来,美国法律就略功利,对传播者优待过头;德国和瑞士的法律则比较中庸,没啥特色。”

“他们真正懂得尊重艺术和文字,如果你是一位作家,你拥有特权;你是一位画家,你拥有特权。”上世纪美国艺术家感受的这种“特权”,在今天的巴黎乃至法国仍可体会——即使是外来者,在法国被问到职业,如果回答是艺术家,法国人会毫不敷衍地说:真好!遇到行李超重的情况,亮出自己的艺术家身份,总会得到一定照顾。

对于全世界文艺老中青来说,巴黎仍是艺术圣地。这种魅力,在冯骥才眼中,源于巴黎的只修不改,使得艺术的存留相对完整。随便走进巴黎的小巷,都好像站在了巴尔扎克的小说的某一页里。而法国人骨子里深谙浪漫的艺术,当一对情人在街心热吻,来往车辆都不按喇叭,而是默契地绕过他们前行。冯骥才对比说:“法国人幻想着一个长长的吻能够到达永远。而美国人的吻不超过一分钟就开始脱衣服了。”

这种魅力,在自称“半个艺术从业者”的知乎用户张艾菲眼中,是遍及老幼妇孺的国民艺术氛围:譬如在蓬皮杜,工作人员从衣着光鲜的年轻人到满脸沧桑的叔叔阿姨辈,都是艺术志愿者;康定斯基的画作前有父母推着婴儿车、老师带着一群孩子声情并茂地讨论艺术话题。

所以,在纽约称雄那么多年后,76岁的伍迪·艾伦献上一部《午夜巴黎》,诉说心中柔情蜜意,仿佛念到这个名字,枯槁的躯干都开出花朵。

有谁不恋慕巴黎呢?然而,老文青伍迪·艾伦提供的更重要启示是——可以向往心中艺术之都,但不必一味厌烦当下。学无止境,试想,即使如片中的美国小编剧穿越到1920年代的巴黎,邂逅菲茨杰拉德夫妇、海明威、毕加索、达利这些人类的闪耀群星,你对艺术的努力、你的知识储备,足以辨认他们每一位并与之进行对等交流吗?

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