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故宫的隐秘角落:武英殿的历史风云

2016-05-17 09:35:34   文汇读书周报

马蹄在紫禁城内留下空旷的回声。偌大的紫禁城,死的死,逃的逃。崇祯皇帝在前一天下了第六道罪己诏,就回到乾清宫,在这座地动山摇的城池里,呆呆地坐定。残酷的战事,已不在遥远的陕北高原,不在黄河边的洛阳,而就在他的身边。喊杀声在这座城市里此起彼伏,断肢充塞着街巷,无数的伤口在同时流着血。空气中晃动着死亡的气息,像一条绞索,勒得他透不过气来。他让周皇后、袁贵妃侍奉着,斟了一杯酒。酒液滑过一道晶莹的弧线,珠圆玉润,准确地落在他的酒杯里。伴随着李自成军队的马蹄声,他看到案上的酒杯都在轻微地颤抖。他举起酒杯,一饮而尽。没有了昔日的歌舞酒筵,这酒,格外的苦涩。他一边饮,一边嘟囔:“苦我满城百姓。”话音落时,两行泪水,已挂在他的脸颊上。

周皇后的胸中一定贮满了数不尽的伤感,她默然回到坤宁宫,崇祯跟随进来的时候,她已悬梁自尽了。崇祯没有丝毫惋惜的意思,只说了句:“死得好!”他猛然想起了已经到了出嫁年龄的长平公主,立即把她召到身前,说声“尔何生我家”,然后左袖掩面,右手抽剑,向长平公主砍去。长平公主用胳膊一挡,一声脆响之后,半截玉臂飞向宫殿的一角。崇祯没有罢手,又提着那柄剑,面色狰狞地跑到昭仁殿,一剑捅死了六岁的女儿昭仁公主,又舞着那柄剑,砍死无数嫔妃宫娥,然后,像完成了一件重大的心愿,别无所憾,一个人抛下宫殿,披发跣足,拖着一路的血光,逃到煤山上,投缳自尽。那一刻,才是真正的解脱。

出身草根的李自成或许很想跟出身龙种的天子照个面,这样的英雄事,连项羽都未曾做到。当年张献忠兵败降明,李自成在潼关被洪承畴、孙传庭打得落花流水,只剩下十八骑逃向商洛山中,苟延残喘之际,支撑他的,或许就是这样的痴心妄想。他没有想到崇祯不给他机会。他命令部下满紫禁城寻找,也没有找到他的尸体。他的龙体,此刻正在煤山顶上的瑟瑟寒风中飘来荡去。

李自成进驻紫禁城,以武英殿为处理军政要务之所。这座宫殿始建于明初,位于外朝熙和门以西,与东边的文华殿相对称,一文一武,相得益彰。据说明成祖朱棣早年曾在这里召见大臣,他甚至把全国官员的名录贴在大殿的墙上,时时观看,以思考王朝的人事布局问题。崇祯八年(公元1635年),崇祯皇帝突然做出一项决定,从乾清宫搬入武英殿居住,从此减少膳食,撤去音乐,除非典礼,平时只穿青衣,直到太平之日为止。他没有想到,他没能看到太平之日的到来,自己死后,最大的对头李自成成为紫禁城新的主人,偏偏选定了武英殿作为处理军政要务之所。

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