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京剧《贵妃醉酒》对话马勒艺术歌曲集《少年魔角》

2016-03-11 10:46:06   东方早报

美国男中音托马斯·汉普森将演唱德国艺术歌曲《少年魔角》。

来自台湾的京剧名旦魏海敏将演唱京剧名段《贵妃醉酒》。

这是一台真正中西合璧、中西对话的音乐会。3月11日,来自台湾的京剧名旦魏海敏将与美国男中音歌唱家托马斯·汉普森联袂在上交音乐厅登台。在上海交响乐团伴奏下,前者将演唱梅兰芳的《贵妃醉酒》,后者则将唱响马勒艺术歌曲集《少年魔角》。

现年59岁的魏海敏是当代京剧“梅派”的首席传人,而《贵妃醉酒》则是她最拿手的剧目。

这部别名《百花亭》的京剧源于清代乾隆年间的一部地方戏《醉杨妃》,梅兰芳倾尽心血精细雕刻,使其终成梅派代表作。该剧基本运用“四平调”的腔调,描摹了杨贵妃从初醉到醉意醺醺的各种醉态。

这是魏海敏第一次与上交合作,但她采用交响乐伴奏演出的机会并不少。魏海敏个人非常喜欢与交响乐合作,她的老师梅葆玖同样喜欢。和京胡伴奏相比,交响伴奏能给魏海敏“演唱”的感觉,“演戏时你是剧中的角色,你必须自带情节和情绪,要有身段,注意力比较不专心在唱。但在纯唱时,你会全神贯注在‘唱’上,声音的变化会更丰富、更专注。”

现今,很多京剧演员都在做“跨界”方面的创新尝试,作为一名京剧名家,如何在创新与守正之间平衡拿捏?“我觉得现在这个时代完全没有忌讳,人人都可以按自己的想法、冲动、热情去做任何事。至于观众买不买单,就要看你的创作大家是否能够接受和喜欢。只要你认为可以,你都可以试试看。”关于跨界,魏海敏的态度显然很开放。

在她看来,现如今已是“地球村”时代,很多艺术表演很容易就能在不同的媒体上看到,“这样一个多元时代,如果我们还在固守一种传统,那是非常可惜的。因为你是活在现代,戏曲必须也要与时俱进。”她亦希望现代人能看到中国传统文化的精致,“戏曲绝对不比歌剧差。”

从一个戏曲演员的专业角度,魏海敏比较了戏曲与歌剧演唱的不同:歌剧讲究的是声音的极致,歌者的声音必须借由身体,像音箱一样发挥出来。但戏曲不同,它要讲故事,必须要有人物,表演者在演唱时必须角色化,把人物立起来,其声音和声腔都包含了角色的喜怒哀乐。

魏海敏坦言,在对声音的诠释上,中西方很不一样,“戏曲在声音控制与音准方面,跟声乐相比确实要差很多,因为声乐会有极致的要求,但戏曲不见得有这样的要求。戏曲有那么多的流派与唱法,要求每一个都一样是不太可能的。”

魏海敏的京剧唱罢,美国男中音托马斯·汉普森将带着一组德国艺术歌曲登场。

《少年魔角》是作曲家马勒1883-1901年间创作的艺术歌曲集,总共24首,堪称马勒谱出的德文艺术歌曲里最迷人的一组。从童谣、情歌、讽刺,到饥馑、战争、死亡,它承接了德国民歌传统,却颠覆了浪漫主义的美学观点,是与庙堂艺术相对的乡土艺术,也是与优美相对的“怪诞之美”。

自从在一节歌唱课接触了马勒,汉普森便爱上了他的音乐。1996年在纽约大都会歌剧院的一次面试,汉普森当着指挥家伯恩斯坦的面演唱了马勒作品,从此改变了自己的一生。几乎每个演出季,他都会唱马勒作品。11日的音乐会上,汉普森将唱响《少年魔角》中极具震撼力的6首。

唱了那么多次《少年魔角》,如何保持新鲜感?“我并不执着于思考如何保持新鲜感,伟大的音乐总有巨大的启发和可能性。”汉普森笑言,演唱《少年魔角》的挑战于他而言更在于如何保持真诚与坦率的态度,而非刻意追求新鲜,“每次演出对我来说都是新的探险,对这些歌曲,我每次都涌发新的热爱,都能想到新东西。所以保持新鲜感对我来说并不是挑战。”



责任编辑:刘畅 CC002
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