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万物静默如谜,博物学的那些事(2)_书评_新京报网

2016-01-23 03:38:58   新京报


黑尾鹿 《等鹿来》 插图


野豌豆

(上接B02版)

迷惑 出版物中的博物学

从21世纪初开始,北京大学哲学系教授刘华杰一直在为“复兴博物学”奔走鼓呼,不仅亲自著书立说,还参与了很多博物类丛书的策划工作,然而,他“仍然无法完全确认是否真的出现了什么高潮或者中兴”,“在现代性的狂奔主流背景下,博物和博物出版全面繁荣起来,并不是件容易的事”。他说,从总体上看,博物书的市场比例依然很低,而且“还没成为一个独立的类别,在书店中是乱放的”。“中国出版社对博物图书的放架建议五花八门,经常把它放在‘科普类’中;评奖时,有时把它们划在‘新知类’,有时划在‘科普类’,有时划在‘文化类’,这些都不很合适。”

2012年,商务印书馆出版了《发现之旅》,以令人心醉的图片文字,映现了历史上十次最壮阔的探索之旅,书中自然素描的笔触和色彩逼真细腻,仿佛使远在天边的花枝、虫甲、鸟羽、鱼鳞在我们眼前和心中泛起光辉。这本书一下子卖掉了十几万册,令出版社颇感意外。据商务印书馆编辑余节弘介绍,其实早在1902年,商务印书馆就出版了《普通博物问答》一书,还将法国博物学家居维叶、微生物学奠基人巴斯德、恒星天文学创始人赫歇耳以及进化论提出者达尔文的著作译介到了国内,因后来商务将出版重点转向了社科类和工具类书籍,自然科学和博物的脉络中断了。

受到《发现之旅》的鼓舞,商务印书馆重新开始在博物板块发力,陆续推出了《看不见的森林》《种子的故事》《一平方英寸的寂静》等一系列译作和几本本土作品。操刀编辑多本博物书的余节弘说,目前商务的博物书分为很多层次,既包括了用于指导博物实践和认知的图谱手册、针对青少年自然教育的“自然观察”系列,也包含了国内本土博物写作的“自然感悟”系列,以及由影响力较大的国外博物著作构成的“自然文库”系列。今年,他们还要推出一份期刊《中国博物学评论》,希望在“二阶博物”(对一阶博物活动、现象以及博物学家的研究)的层面与学界展开对话。

在美国书店里分别置于“科学”(science)和“自然”(nature)架上的图书,在国内,似乎都被装进了“博物”的大筐中。“博物与科普之间的界限不是那么明确了,认知的层面是博物,细究起来就是科学。”余节弘以他编辑的《看不见的森林》为例,“这本书包含很多科学元素,同时作者有着宏大的视野,勾勒出了事物之间复杂的联系,不失为一本很好的博物书,这大概是博物学能做到的最高阶的工作了。”

《一平方英寸的寂静》和《草木缘情》的责编杜非则更倾向于把这一类作品称作“生态文学”,她解释说,“从前的博物,其概念无所不包,除了人本身,其他所有东西,比如生物、地质、天文等都可以放进博物的范畴里。今天所谓的博物热契合了逃离城市、重返乡村的一个大趋势,但这样的称呼对于一个学科和体系来说已经不成立了。”刘华杰教授认为,目前博物学算不算一个学科完全不重要,“本来现在我国教育部的学科目录中就没有博物学字样,我虽然鼓吹博物学,但也不想把它‘打扮’成一个学科,没有那个必要,学科还不够多吗?”

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