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颜真卿曾统帅20万大军平乱 当州刺史后设放生池

2016-05-13 11:27:09   扬子晚报

大图:颜鲁公祠外景。小图:大殿内悬挂的颜真卿画像。肖雷 摄

颜真卿是唐代著名书法家,和赵孟頫、柳公权、欧阳询并称为“楷书四大家”。其实颜真卿不仅是书法家,还是著名的政治家、军事家。唐玄宗天宝年间,安禄山、史思明发动安史之乱,颜真卿曾统帅20万大军,横扫燕赵之地。颜真卿曾任升州(今南京)刺史。在其任上,颜真卿上书唐肃宗,在全国设放生池81处,现在南京乌龙潭公园便是现存的一处。1982年,乌龙潭内的颜鲁公祠(颜真卿受封鲁郡公)列入南京市文物保护单位。

祠堂正在整修,即将开放

昨天上午,扬子晚报记者来到广州路走进乌龙潭公园,看到一座青砖黑瓦的中国传统建筑,掩映在一片绿树之中。方方正正的门框上方,镶着一块石碑,上书“顏魯公祠”四个绿色颜体大字,书写者是清同治年间担任江宁知府的涂宗瀛。大门东侧的墙角,立着南京市文物保护单位的石碑。

祠堂共有两进12间。只不过整座祠堂在重新整修,配殿和大殿内的物品几乎都已经搬走,空空荡荡,屋顶黑色的大梁和椽木清晰可见。大殿正中间,悬挂着中国当代画家王宏喜先生绘制的《顏真卿造像》,画像之上,悬挂着中国著名书法家赵朴初书写的“書壇泰斗”四个烫金大字,遒劲有力。画像两侧的楹联为曾任全国书法家协会主席的沈鹏先生所书,内容为:“翰墨見精神兩間三塊帖功名垂竹帛千古一清臣”。这三样东西,也是整座祠堂仅存的展品了。

颜真卿曾统帅20万大军

《旧唐书·颜真卿传》记载,颜真卿,唐玄宗开元二十二年(公元734年)中进士,曾4次被任命为御史。天宝八年(公元750年),颜真卿得罪权臣杨国忠被调离出京,降为平原郡(今山东陵县)太守。谁想到,这一调动成就了颜真卿的千古功绩。平原郡属于权臣安禄山管辖范围,颜真卿到任后,眼见安禄山有谋反之意,便私下整修城池、囤积粮食。天宝十四年十一月初九(公元前755年12月16日),安禄山果然叛乱,河北二十四郡除了平原郡守备很好外,其它城池均失守。唐玄宗听闻安禄山叛乱,叹曰:“河北二十四郡,岂无一忠臣乎!”之后又听闻颜真卿独自坚守,又叹曰:“朕不识颜真卿形状何如,所为得如此!”

仅仅33天后,安、史叛军攻破东都洛阳,屯兵于潼关,意图直捣长安。颜真卿趁机说服河北一十七郡归顺朝廷,颜真卿被推为联军盟主,统领20万大军,横扫燕赵之地,使得叛军不能急攻潼关。第二年,唐玄宗之子李亨即位,为肃宗。颜真卿受封为河北招讨使,在河北平乱。至德二年(公元757年),颜真卿在凤翔见到了李亨,被授予宪部(即刑部)尚书之职,后加升为御史大夫。

升州刺史任内设置放生池

乾元二年(公元759年),颜真卿调任浙西节度使兼升州刺史。此时安史之乱虽尚未平复,但长安、洛阳两京也已收复,为此颜真卿上书唐肃宗,请求设置放生池,以示皇帝贤明睿智、英明神武且广播慈爱。他在《天下放生池碑铭序》一文中称:“始于洋州之兴道,洎山南、剑南、黔中、荆南、岭南、江西、浙西诸道,讫于升州之江宁秦淮太平桥。临江带郭,上下五里,各置放生池,凡八十一所。”现如今,1200多年过去了,这八十一处放生池,可以考证的,也仅剩南京乌龙潭这一处。

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