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河南渑池曙猿化石怎么发现的?重要化石点被淹没

2017-04-19 12:30:53   

渑池县南村乡任村,位于距县城50余公里外的黄河南岸。因山路崎岖,从县城前往需一个半小时的车程。今年1月和4月,大河报记者两次驱车前往探访化石点。

奔腾的黄河水流经南村乡,因小浪底水库蓄水作用,滔滔河水在此沉静。

俯瞰渑池任村上河化石点

1月15日,站在黄河岸边,杨栓朝介绍,任村上河古生物化石点面积在900亩左右,库区蓄水时只剩下一半,泄洪时期还有三分之二的面积。但最重要的几个化石点已被黄河水淹没,即便泄洪后,上面也已淤积十多米的河沙。

随后,记者与杨栓朝一起沿着资料记载中的区域,试图寻找未被淹没的古生物化石遗址。沿着沟底走20余分钟,钻过几个树林,才在深山沟中停下来,杨栓朝指着山脚一层灰白色的物质,称这就是裸露的早第三纪地层了,也是古生物化石出土的地层。

记者用手刨了刨,发现该地质层不硬,整体呈灰白色。

“可别小看它们,这是早第三纪地层,也是新生代最老的一个纪,距今6500万年~距今2330万年。”杨栓朝又拿出一小节暗红色的东西,似石非石、似骨非骨,称“龙骨”。

杨栓朝说,小时候他和小伙伴在附近玩耍,会在类似这样的地层中找到一节节暗红色东西,因为外表似骨头,又像石头,当地人便称为“龙骨”。今年因研究曙猿化石,他到北京寻找专家,才知道这“龙骨”其实就是一种古生物化石。

杨栓朝告诉大河报记者,4月14日,美国科学家肯尼斯·克里斯托弗·比尔德给他发来邮件:

“二十多年前,我与其他中美科学家一起,在渑池县的黄河故道开展工作,在黄河南岸,我们在一个非常著名地化石地点发掘化石,这个地点就是任村。我们非常努力地工作了好几年,当地人对我们非常友好,给了我们很多帮助。有一天,我们非常幸运,发现了一小块新型灵长类的上颌和脸部的化石碎片,后来我们把这块曙猿新属新种化石命名为克氏假猿。”

村民|亲眼见考古队在这里挖出动物化石

南村乡村民戴年锁对当年挖“龙骨”以及考古队进村的事记忆犹新。55岁的戴年锁说,其所住的地方距上河化石点最近,考古队进村时,他常跑去围观。“那时候不知道他们在干什么,只知道他们是从北京来的,在这里挖了挖东西,拿着红布包着带走了。”戴年锁说,记忆中对方连着来了三四年,挖的东西就是他们小时候常玩的“龙骨”。

68岁的村民张池恩也证实确有这段历史。1980年前后,他任当时的任村大队林场场长。那几年每年三、四月都有两三个穿着工作服的外地人到河道旁的山丘上挖东西。

有一天,收工回家的路上,张池恩见一堆人围着考古队员看热闹。他走近见一名队员手捧一个大石块显得很高兴。村民问是啥,队员说了一句话大家没听懂。队员就拿着大石块在自己下巴处比画着说:“这是牙槽,犀牛的牙槽。”

“‘龙骨’是我们当地人的说法,那个地方(上河化石点)又叫‘龙门’。小时候经常能找到一些像一小节腿骨、牙齿等形状的东西。”戴年锁说,之前当地人不知道这些东西有啥用,曾将它们磨成粉用来止血。之后有人来收购,几分钱一斤都给卖了。

戴年锁说,就在当地人挖“龙骨”的地方,曾有一处奇特的泉水,冬暖夏凉:冬天外面天寒地冻,但水里却可洗澡;夏天泉水的温度却只有几摄氏度。

后来,小浪底水库建成,这眼泉水连同“龙骨”一起,沉入水底。

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