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中国“石窟鼻祖”甘肃天梯山石窟启动大规模修缮

2017-04-03 16:31:28   

中新网兰州4月3日电 (记者 冯志军 李亚龙)在中国多地文物古迹因近年不断激增的汹涌客流“冲击”而被迫出台“限流”措施的背景下,被称为“中国石窟鼻祖”的甘肃天梯山石窟正通过史上最大规模的一系列修缮工程,试图进一步丰富参观内容,以吸引更多游人“慕名而来”。

3月底,一场透雪将经历了“冬旱”的丝绸之路重镇甘肃武威“层林尽染”,气势磅礴的祁连山与苍茫戈壁尽呈“冰雪世界”。藏匿于武威市城南约40多公里处石壁之上的天梯山石窟山峦叠嶂、风光秀美,石窟四周点缀着斑斑积雪更使其巍峨神秘。

中新网记者看到,天梯山石窟崖壁上密集分布着用于固定修复脚手架的一些钻孔,部分景点实施封闭修复。与此紧邻的一尊十余米的大佛四周岩壁上的壁画若隐若现,有些壁画已残缺不全。大佛下半身被一个用于防水的拱形堤坝护卫着,但壁缝中钻进的水还是在大佛脚下形成水渍。

据了解,目前这里已启动了天梯山石窟赋存岩体及洞窟本体防护加固、天梯山石窟搬迁壁画塑像修复,天梯山石窟彩塑壁画数字化保护、天梯山石窟景区道路改扩建等工程项目。

“估计四五年之后,经过大修的天梯山石窟会有一个很大的变化,加之景区交通的畅达,这里对游客有极大吸引力。”天梯山石窟管理处主任卢秀善向记者表示,总投资逾2400万元人民币的此次修缮是历年来最大的投资,加之其有目共睹的历史价值和知名度,前景是很美好的。

图为3月底,紧邻天梯山石窟的黄羊河水库雪后美景。冯志军摄

天梯山是祁连山东线的一条支脉,因“登临之难,犹如上天梯”而得名。岩壁之上的全国重点文物保护单位天梯山石窟,开凿于东晋十六国时期的北凉,距今约有1600年历史。它被历史文献考证为“中国石窟鼻祖”,是云冈石窟、龙门石窟的源头。

1958年,为解决黄羊河流域万亩土地的灌溉问题,官方决定在天梯山石窟附近修建黄羊河水库。为挽救珍贵的石窟文物,甘肃决定对天梯山石窟窟内部分文物进行搬迁保护。除大佛窟外,距地表几十米高处的小石窟内的数十尊造像、三百余平方米壁画及25箱文物残片,被异地保存。

2015年底,为“原汁原味”保护天梯山石窟,官方启动天梯山石窟搬迁壁画、彩塑保护修复项目,大批珍贵文物在半个多世纪后陆续得以全面修复和原址回归。

“由于目前天梯山石窟紧邻水库湿气较重,回归的大批珍贵文物将在武威市进行修复并保护。”卢秀善说,目前天梯山石窟一些小洞窟经过栈道修复后可以向游客开放,并计划复制一些和以前的位置、结构相符的“文物”供游人来参观,以丰富参观内容,延长旅游时间。

与天梯山石窟“相伴”三四年的讲解员赵晓凤,对于“深藏闺中”的当地“知名度”变化感同身受。她说,参加工作伊始,前来这里的多是“慕名而来”考察的专家学者,但近两年随着参观内容的丰富,加之景区道路的修复完善,游客量逐年增多,希望有更多人来此体验历史的“震撼”。(完)

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