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命运多舛
宋教仁遇刺,原北平市长长期担任校长
起初,校名暂定为“国民大学”。岂料将要开学时,第一任校长宋教仁于1913年3月20日在上海遇刺身亡。于是改由校董黄兴出任第二任校长,由彭允彝代行校长职务。之后,黄云鹏、林长民、王印川、姚憾等历任校长,但因时局动荡,除姚憾任期达5年之外,其余五任校长的任职时间均只有一年时间左右,有的还不足一年。
从第七任校长王正廷开始,学校运作与管理渐趋稳定,从1921年至1936年的15年间,校长人选再未更替。但随着日军侵华战幕拉开,王正廷受命担任国民政府驻美大使,肩负争取美国参战与援华的重任,无法再兼任校长。于是,当局又委任该校董事会主任何其巩代理校长一职。何其巩于1936年10月至1946年10月间主持校务,使该校在北平沦陷期间仍能坚持办学,度过了该校最为艰难的抗战时期,直至抗战胜利。这里,有必要约略介绍一下这位代理校长何其巩的生平履历与办学生涯。
何其巩(1899—1955),字克之,安徽桐城(今枞阳县)人。他是著名抗日将领,有冯玉祥西北军麾下第一文官之誉;曾为北平特别市首任市长,后长期担任中国大学代理校长,更成为和平解放北京的重要人物。他于1927年至1946年任中国大学董事会主任,1936年10月,出任中国大学代理校长。
抗战爆发后,中国大学受国民政府令留在北平继续办学。由于政府拨款中断,学校只能靠学费来维持。何其巩执掌中国大学期间,坚持中国人办中国大学,拒绝日伪经费援助,坚持自筹经费,延聘爱国学者执教。北平沦陷期间,河北、东北三省的不少失学学生都到中国大学上学,在校生最多时达3000多人。为增强学生的民族意识,对学生进行民族气节教育,何其巩扩充中国大学图书馆,并在馆内正厅的墙壁上亲书“读古今中外之书志其大者,以国家民族之任勉我学人”楹联,还亲自选定《中国大学国文教本》选文百篇,将南宋民族英雄文天祥的《正气歌》入选,要学生精读。
中国大学地处北平,与抗日后方隔绝,全校教职员工待遇微薄,忍饥耐寒,拒绝敌人资助。中国大学坚持“我们是中国人的中国大学”、“为教育而教育”的办学方针,获得沦陷区爱国知识界的支持,争以教授中国大学为荣,北方青年争以就读中国大学为荣。1937年8月后,留居平津各大专院校的一批坚持民族气节、不与日伪合作的教师,纷纷被何其巩延聘至中国大学任教。燕京大学的齐思和、张东荪、严孟群、袁贤能、李汝祺,协和医学院的裴文中、冯兰州、臧玉淦、徐希帆、谢少文等名教授均到中国大学执教。其他如清华大学的褚圣麟、刘明越,北大的俞平伯、蔡镏生、严东生,北平师范大学的陆宗达、王桐龄,天津南开大学的温公颐、翁独健、王之相、唐纪翔、孟昭威、孙人和、邸维周、王静如等,他们宁肯以微薄工薪应聘到中国大学任教,拒绝到有丰厚待遇的日伪主办的学校任职。
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