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天津滨海举办“海上国门”研讨会 以史为鉴促开发开放

2016-12-25 23:48:33   

中新网天津12月25日电(记者 刘家宇)旨在深入研究大沽口炮台历史、挖掘炮台遗址价值、加强遗址保护与利用的“海上国门——纪念大沽口炮台筹建200周年学术研讨会”25日在天津市滨海新区人民政府举行。

坐落于天津滨海新区的大沽口炮台遗址博物馆,是大沽口炮台200年历史的缩影。在博物馆展厅的尽头,一口置于玻璃罩中铁钟被小心保护起来,这口铁钟铸造于1884年,串联起大沽口炮台历史上的种种遭遇。

据了解,大沽铁钟为纪念在此殉国的直隶提督乐善抗击英法联军的英雄业绩而造。清咸丰九年(1859年),乐善随调僧格林沁天津营,防守大沽炮台,升为直隶提督。6月,英法联军进犯大沽口,乐善扼守阵地,英勇作战,猛烈轰击敌舰,击退进犯之敌。翌年8月,英法联军再犯大沽口,乐善率官兵固守西北炮台,万余英法军队急攻。憎格林沁自知难守,传檄乐善暂退,乐善却回:“炮台存,乐善生;炮台亡,乐善死”。乐善等“自卯时至午时,奋力抵御三时之久”,而后炮台陷落,乐善殉国。

此战之后,大沽口炮台进行了彻底改造。从清代嘉庆二十三年(1818年)南北两岸各建一座炮台,到道光二十一年(1841年)在原有炮台基础上增建三座炮台,再到咸丰八年(1858年),僧格林沁修复五座炮台的同时,于北岸另建石头缝炮台一座,改造后的大沽口炮台换装了比较先进的大炮,并架设了电报线,设置了水雷营,初步形成了海防体系。

然而,这些改进并没有阻挡住八国联军侵华的脚步,光绪二十六年(1900年),八国联军再次攻陷大沽口炮台,并由此登陆,攻占天津、北京,为纪念乐善而铸造的铁钟也被此战中的英国士兵当作战利品而掠夺到英国。1901年,清政府与十一国订立丧权辱国的《辛丑条约》,按照条约规定大沽口炮台被拆毁。

历经200年的沧桑,曾经的“大沽口炮台”如今只有遗址和一些遗迹存世,而在遗址上建立起来的大沽口炮台遗址博物馆也在竭尽全力地对这段历史进行挖掘与保护。

2006年,大沽口炮台遗址保护总体规划通过了国家文物局批复。2009年,政府投资7400余万元开展大沽口炮台遗址景区一期工程建设,2011年4月大沽口炮台遗址博物馆正式对外开放,不同时期的铁炮、炮轮及石碑以馆藏藏品的新面貌向一批批到来的观众讲述着那段历史,大沽铁钟经历百余年的漂泊后在多方努力下也重回故土,为大沽口炮台续写祖国不断强盛的新篇章。

2016年恰逢大沽口炮台筹建200周年,也是第二次鸦片战争爆发160周年。作为第二次鸦片战争中英法联军入侵中国的重要战场,以海防为目的而设立的大沽口炮台见证了中华民族抗击外来侵略、不畏强暴的精神;而今天,于大沽口炮台遗址上建立起的景区已连续多年荣获“全国爱国主义教育示范基地”、“民族团结进步模范集体”、“中华传统文化教育基地”、“全国红色旅游经典景区”、“国家四A级旅游景区”等殊荣,仅2016年度就接待参观者近15万余人次,取得了良好的社会效益。

值此历史与现实相互碰撞之际,天津市滨海新区文化广播电视局和南开大学历史学院联合举办此次学术研讨会,并进行了为期近一年的准备,面向全国军事、历史等领域专家、学者征集了56篇有关大沽口炮台研究的学术论文。当日研讨会,众多专家学者为挖掘大沽口炮台遗址价值提出了诸多切实可行的建议,也为滨海新区开发、保护众多历史文化遗迹打开了思路。(完)

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