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通讯:国家级“非遗”桂剧每场五元少人看 数十老人坚守盼传承

2016-11-27 15:59:21   

中新社柳州11月27日电 题:国家级“非遗”桂剧每场五元少人看 数十老人坚守盼传承

作者 朱柳融

一个铁皮棚子,距离公厕仅数米,昏暗的灯光、破旧的座椅……每周三至周五,一群平均年龄超过七旬的老人,都会在下午两点半准时上演他们自导自演的桂剧,门票仅五元(人民币,下同),而台下是和演员一样老的观众。这就是广西民间桂剧目前的状况。

位于广西柳州市广雅综合市场的文苑桂彩剧团,已有38年历史。11月中旬起,上演的是传统名剧《碧玉簪》改编的连续剧目。该剧讲述了明朝吏部尚书李廷甫将女儿秀英许配给文才出众的王玉林,夫妇二人遭人设计产生误会,最终和好的故事。

200平方米的剧场,一块布帘将观众席和化妆间隔开。化妆间里,脂粉味弥漫,桌椅、戏服、道具占据大多数空间,过道只能容一个人走过。75岁的剧团团长韦雪英在剧中饰演年轻力壮的男主角王玉林,中午12点半,她和演员们已经到化妆间准备。

一些演员的化妆品装在生锈的铁盒子里,他们凑着小小的圆镜,往爬满皱纹的脸涂抹上一层又一层的脂粉,褶皱仍清晰可见。剧目角色上到八十、下到十八都由他们出演。

下午两点半,演出准时开始,可坐百人的观众席仅坐着20多位头发花白的老人。演出时,当韦雪英尝试多次才将一张近一米高的桌子搬起来,一些观众发出了叹息声。

“我父亲也是一名桂剧演员,可以说我是梨园子弟,12岁我就进入柳州市桂剧团,登台表演。”表演结束后,韦雪英讲述着自己的演出经历,“桂剧流行时,曾一部剧演三个月仍场场爆满。”

据悉,桂剧作为广西地方特色剧种,自明末清初开始在岭南地区广为流行,深受广西民众喜爱。在上世纪50年代桂剧的黄金时期,桂剧名列中国十大地方剧种;2006年桂剧被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

随着时代的发展,桂剧和许多地方剧种一样,在传承与发展中遇到严峻挑战。民间乃至官方桂剧团迅速萎缩,无场地、缺人才、少资金让桂剧艺术举步维艰。

演了一辈子桂剧的韦雪英1996年退休后,进入文苑桂彩剧团并担任团长。“剧团里没有一个年轻人,大多都是原柳州市桂剧团退休的专业演员。”韦雪英介绍,“大家不为钱,就是为了传承桂剧走到一起。”

去年,门票由原来的3.5元涨至5元,主要用于场地租金和日常开支。“许多服装、道具、化妆品采买以及搬家等费用靠演员和观众出资。”韦雪英表示,38年来剧团搬过6次,数十名老观众“剧团到哪,他们到哪”。

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