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那么,蓟城是怎么来的呢?早在几千年前,在中华大地上就已经出现了原始的“城”,“蓟”和“燕”是北京地区两个自然生长的邦国。公元前11世纪,周武王“伐商灭纣”,建立了周王朝。为加强对中国北方的统治,分封了先圣王(一说黄帝,一说尧帝)的后裔于蓟。据《史记·周本纪》记载:“武王追思先圣王,乃褒封神农之后于焦,黄帝之后于祝,帝尧之后于蓟……”《礼记·乐记》也有:“武王克殷,反商。未及下车,而封黄帝之后于蓟”。据说,“蓟”的得名源于蓟丘,而“蓟丘”的得名又是源于这里最早生长着一种叫“蓟”的植物。在现代植物学分类中,“蓟”属于菊科,有“大蓟”和“小蓟”之分。小蓟是人们通常说的“刺儿菜”,大蓟则是一种多年生草本植物,茎高可达一米以上,茎有刺,叶子羽状,花紫色,可入药。北魏著名地理学家郦道元在《水经·漯水注》中记载:“……昔武王封尧后于蓟。今城内西北隅有蓟丘。因丘以名邑也,犹鲁之曲阜、齐之营丘矣。”有关专家考证,蓟丘在今北京广安门附近,现在白云观西墙外原有一处高丘,很可能就是蓟城的遗址。到了周成王时,又封王室贵族召公于北燕。“北燕”在今北京市房山区琉璃河一带。春秋时期“蓟微燕盛”,“蓟”被“燕”所灭。因“蓟”城地处华北平原的北端,是中原与塞上往来的交通枢纽,“燕”遂将国都都城也迁到了“蓟”。“蓟城”作为北京城的源头,正如绮望楼《景山历史文化展》所说的“北京古城肇兴于周之初。‘其名曰蓟,其时为周’”。
顺治皇帝究竟是在哪里火化的?
驾崩于养心殿东暖阁 秉炬于景山寿皇殿
在绮望楼的《景山历史文化展》中,有一张记述景山历史变迁的大事年表,其中清代年表中的文字介绍是:“1655年,清顺治十二年,谕礼、工二部,更万岁山为景山。1661年,清顺治十八年,顺治皇帝以天花甍于养心殿,后遗体火化移棺于景山寿皇殿。”从这句话来看,1661年,顺治皇帝似乎是火化完才移棺于景山寿皇殿的,然而,历史事实真的是这样吗?
顺治皇帝爱新觉罗·福临6岁登基,是清朝第三位皇帝,也是清入关后的第一位皇帝。1638年3月15日出生于沈阳故宫永福宫,生母为孝庄文皇后博尔济吉特氏,年号顺治,在位18年。1661年2月5日,年仅24岁的顺治皇帝在紫禁城养心殿驾崩。养心殿位于内廷乾清宫西侧,建于明嘉靖年间,建筑形式为工字形殿,分为前朝和后寝,中间以穿堂相连。清代共有八位皇帝居住于养心殿,顺治、乾隆和同治三个皇帝逝于养心殿。其中,顺治是自愿火化的唯一一个皇帝。《清世祖实录》记载,顺治十八年(1661年)正月“丁巳(初七日)夜子刻,上崩于养心殿。”顺治皇帝驾崩后,在乾清宫停灵27天。“ 四月十七日,梓宫出东华门移至景山寿皇殿”。停灵百日之后,在寿皇殿前举行了火化仪式。遗体火化后,其宝宫(骨灰罐)安葬于河北遵化马兰峪,是为孝陵。庙号世祖,谥号章皇帝……也就是说,顺治皇帝以天花甍于养心殿,“移棺于景山寿皇殿”后,才进行了遗体火化。
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