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南京城墙砖上惊现来自明代的猫狗脚印

2016-10-21 11:30:21   

□金陵晚报记者 于峰

明朝的一只小猫(也可能是小狗),在南京城墙砖上留下了脚印,竟然奇迹般保留到了现在。近日,有文物爱好者在南京城墙一块城砖上发现了多个动物脚印,初步判断是猫狗所留。这只猫或者狗,到底来自明朝还是清朝,为什么又要在砖头上留下脚印,网友们展开了一番讨论。

猫狗在城砖上留脚印

明城墙是南京的文化名片,雄伟壮丽的城墙由一块块专门烧制的城砖组成。很多人都知道,这些城砖来自明朝初年的全国各地,由不同的府州县烧造。其地名信息以铭文的形式留在了城砖上。有趣的是,城砖上除了铭文,竟然还有别的“东东”。

南京文物爱好者王林,就酷爱研究城墙,经常拿着相机,去寻找各种有趣的铭文。他说,南京明城砖的秘密,却是无法研究完的,只要仔细找,总会有新发现。最近,他就在集庆门段城墙上,发现了一块有趣的城砖。

这块城砖有点与众不同,铭文并非密密麻麻地从上往下排列,而是在侧面中间有一个方框,中间有“吉安府庐陵县”六个大字。有趣的是,在城砖表面,还有两枚脚印,明显不是人留下来的,“是小猫或者小狗留下来的!”

“我拍了那么多老城砖,也发现过很多难得一见的铭文,还是第一次看到有动物的脚印,这个脚印和百度的LOGO还有一点像呢!”王林在微博上发了这组照片,引起了很多对城墙感兴趣的网友热议。

标准的明代初年烧造城砖

有人怀疑,这块城砖不是明代的城砖,是清代的;也有人认为,小猫的脚印是后来印上去的。对此,王林做了细细考证。

“首先,这肯定是一块明代城砖!”王林说,在由明城垣史博物馆编纂的《南京城墙砖文》 一书中,收录有“吉安府庐陵县”铭文的城砖,表明该城砖烧造于明初,比其他铭文较多的城砖年代更早。而吉安府庐陵县,就是指现在的江西省吉安县。“庐陵”是吉安的古称,从秦汉时期就开始用,一直到1914年,才改庐陵县为吉安县。

据史料记载,明代初年江西行省的吉安府是南京明城砖的一个重要产地,其下辖的县,除了庐陵县以外,泰和、吉水、永丰、安福、龙泉、万安、永新、永宁等县也为了南京建造城墙烧造过城砖,相关铭文的城砖,如今还能够在南京城墙上找到。

那么,小猫小狗的脚印,又怎么出现在南京城砖上呢?王林推测,这可能和城砖的烧造有关。他说,城砖烧造中,不同的工匠各司其职,负责各个工序,其中包括窑匠和坯匠。砖坯脱模以后,要进行晾晒,这时,一只调皮的小猫或者小狗跑到了砖坯上,在没有干的表面留下了脚印,形成了“城砖猫狗脚印”的独特效果。

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